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. 2017 Nov 22;7:15989. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16262-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Transcript isoforms contain different ORFs. The figure shows an example of the differential peptide coding capacity (above) of transcript isoforms (below). Canonical ORFs are represented as arrows with a grey background, the other translationally active ORFs are represented as empty arrows and named as published by Stern-Ginossar et al. ⁷. Dotted vertical lines mark the translational start sites of the ORFs. The transcript isoforms of these two genes can be differentially translated due to polycistronism (US27-28 or only US28), alternative splicing (the splicing in US27 leads to the excision of 75 nucleotides and does not cause frameshift) or alternative transcription initiation (leading to a truncated protein in the cases of ORFS364W and US28).