Table 5.

Standardized coefficients, standard errors, and p-values for the total and direct effects of the structural equation model up to the first 1000 days of life factors and “Childhood Asthma Symptoms”. São Luís, Brazil, 2010–2013.

“Childhood Asthma Symptoms”a	Total Effects			Direct Effects
	Standardized coefficient	Standard error	p-value	Standardized coefficient	Standard error	p-value
Socioeconomic Status	−0.035	0.063	0.573	−0.030	0.077	0.695
Mother’s age at delivery	0.042	0.052	0.419	0.030	0.075	0.687
Soft drink consumption	0.122	0.061	0.044	0.137	0.062	0.028
Junk food intake	0.022	0.063	0.729	−0.011	0.079	0.893
Pregestational BMI	0.121	0.057	0.032	0.127	0.062	0.041
Maternal smoking during pregnancy	0.059	0.131	0.653	0.049	0.165	0. 767
Hypertension during gestation	−0.075	0.095	0.429	0.001	0.101	0.995
Gestational diabetes	−0.002	0.148	0.987	−0.034	0.168	0.837
Respiratory diseases during pregnancy	0.096	0.145	0.510	0.096	0.145	0.510
Type of delivery	0.136	0.068	0.046	0.146	0.070	0.038
Gestational age (weeks)	−0.095	0.070	0.174	0.020	0.103	0.848
Birth weight	−0.207	0.094	0.028	−0.210	0.093	0.024
Exclusive breastfeeding for six months	−0.134	0.065	0.038	−0.099	0.064	0.126
Chill in the first three months of life	0.311	0.066	<0.001	0.311	0.066	<0.001
Presence of pet at home	−0.081	0.064	0.206	−0.081	0.064	0.206
Carpet covered floor	0.142	0.063	0.023	0.142	0.063	0.023
Exposure to mold/mildew	0.054	0.077	0.482	0.054	0.077	0.482
Child’s exposure to tobacco	0.198	0.090	0.027	0.203	0.093	0.030
Child’s BMI z-score	0.032	0.065	0.625	0.032	0.065	0.625
Infant’s age	−0.141	0.051	0.006	−0.143	0.052	0.006
Skin color	−0.070	0.051	0.173	−0.070	0.051	0.173
Sex	−0.081	0.052	0.119	−0.082	0.052	0.115

BMI: body mass index. ^aThe latent variable “Childhood Asthma Symptoms” was defined by the number of wheezing episodes, emergency care visit due to intense wheezing, medical diagnosis of asthma, and medical diagnosis of rhinitis.