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. 2017 Nov 22;8:1690. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01703-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Results of the replication study. We replicated the main results of the study in a second sample of 18 participants. In this version of the task, participants knew beforehand that they would be prompted about their beliefs only every third trial. In addition, the belief marker was always reset to the indifference point, forcing them to always memorise their beliefs. Participants validly identified if urns were good or bad in the long-term a. We replicated the striatal dissociation (b, blue = D _KL, red = RPE), as well as all D _KL main effects (c, original = blue, replication = green) even on trials where participants knew they would not be prompted about their beliefs afterwards. This minimises the possibility that D _KL effects are related to downstream decision making about how to move the prompt cursor rather than to belief updating. RPE effects were weaker, but still present at lower thresholds, possibly because the RL model could not be fit to participants without prompting their beliefs. Colour bars represent z-scores, replication effects are displayed at corrected p < 0.001 for D _KL, and uncorrected p < 0.05 for RPE effects, original effects as in Fig. 1. See Supplementary Note 1 and Supplementary Methods for additional details about the replication study