Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population.
| Continual smokers | Quitters | Ex-smokers | Never smokers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of people | 43,627 | 13,513 | 24,945 | 44,981 |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 51.7 (7.8) | 52.5 (8.2) | 53.6 (8.8) | 54.6 (9.0) |
| Fasting serum glucose, mg/dL, mean (SD) | ||||
| First examination | 91.4 (13.1) | 91.2 (12.9) | 92.3 (12.7) | 91.6 (12.8) |
| Second examination | 94.8 (18.7) | 95.1 (18.3) | 95.0 (16.8) | 94.3 (16.8) |
| Change | 3.4 (19.9) | 3.9 (19.3) | 2.6 (17.6) | 2.6 (17.9) |
| Socioeconomic status, N (%) | ||||
| First quartile (highest) | 16,065 (36.8) | 5,730 (42.4) | 12,303 (49.3) | 19,718 (43.8) |
| Second quartile | 13,932 (31.9) | 4,000 (29.6) | 6,914 (27.7) | 13,035 (29.0) |
| Third quartile | 8,280 (19.0) | 2,314 (17.1) | 3,633 (14.6) | 7,636 (17.0) |
| Fourth quartile (lowest) | 5,350 (12.3) | 1,469 (10.9) | 2,095 (8.4) | 4,592 (10.2) |
| Physical activity, times per week, N (%) | ||||
| None | 19,930 (45.7) | 6,988 (51.7) | 9,025 (36.2) | 19,295 (42.9) |
| 1–2 | 15,407 (35.3) | 3,785 (28.0) | 8,659 (34.7) | 14,224 (31.6) |
| 3–4 | 4,984 (11.4) | 1,689 (12.5) | 4,265 (17.1) | 6,305 (14.0) |
| 5–7 | 3,306 (7.6) | 1,051 (7.8) | 2,996 (12.0) | 5,157 (11.5) |
| Alcohol consumption, drinks per week, N (%) | ||||
| None | 9,513 (21.8) | 6,630 (49.1) | 7,865 (31.5) | 22,207 (49.4) |
| 1–2 | 23,260 (53.3) | 5,251 (38.9) | 12,829 (51.4) | 17,932 (39.9) |
| ≥3 | 10,854 (24.9) | 1,632 (12.1) | 4,251 (17.0) | 4,842 (10.8) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 23.6 (2.8) | 24.0 (2.8) | 24.2 (2.7) | 24.0 (2.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 126.6 (16.3) | 127.1 (16.4) | 127.6 (15.9) | 127.8 (16.4) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 80.2 (10.9) | 80.4 (10.9) | 80.5 (10.7) | 80.6 (10.8) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 196.6 (36.3) | 198.5 (36.6) | 197.5 (35.3) | 194.5 (34.9) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, % | ||||
| 0 | 20,217 (46.3) | 5,779 (42.8) | 9,756 (39.1) | 17,754 (39.5) |
| 1 | 13,349 (30.6) | 4,109 (30.4) | 8,053 (32.3) | 14,094 (31.3) |
| ≥2 | 10,061 (23.1) | 3,625 (26.8) | 7,136 (28.6) | 13,133 (29.2) |
Acronyms: SD, standard deviation; N, number of people.