TABLE 2.

Microbiological agents responsible for APN^e

Characteristic or microbiological agent	Value(s) for the following group:		P value
	CA-APN (n = 503)	HCA-APN (n = 104)
No. (%) of patients with:
Positive urine culture	359 (74.2)	93 (92.1)	<0.001
Positive blood culture	104 (31)	28 (37.2)	0.338
No. (%) of patients from whom the following agents were isolated:
E. coli	287 (79.9)	47 (50.5)	<0.001
K. pneumoniae	34 (9.5)	7 (7.5)	0.687
P. mirabilis	7 (1.9)	7 (7.5)	0.012
P. aeruginosa	0 (0)	14 (15.1)	<0.001
Other GNBa	7 (1.9)	12 (12.9)	<0.001
S. saprophyticus	10 (2.8)	0 (0)	0.226
Enterococcus spp.	5 (1.4)	4 (4.3)	0.091
Other GPCb	1 (0.3)	1 (1.1)	0.061
No. of patients with polymicrobial infectionc/total no. of positive urine cultures (%)	13/359 (3.6)	27/93 (29)	<0.001
No. of patients contaminatedd/total no. of patients tested (%)	8/503 (2.2)	1/104 (1.1)	0.693

^aOther GNB included Enterobacter spp., Providencia stuartii, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Salmonella spp.

^bGPC, Gram-positive cocci. Other Gram-positive cocci included Corynebacterium accolens and Streptococcus agalactiae.

^cPolymicrobial infection was considered the isolation of 2 uropathogens from the urine culture.

^dContaminated was considered the isolation of 3 or more bacteria from the urine culture.

^eAbbreviations: CA-APN, community-acquired acute pyelonephritis; HCA-APN, health care-associated acute pyelonephritis; GNB, Gram-negative bacilli.