Table 2.
Factors associated with menarche before and after diagnosis of diabetes
| Variables | Diabetes diagnosed before menarche (n = 48), n (%) | Diabetes diagnosed after menarche (n = 54), n (%) | P value |
| Age (yr) | |||
| 13-19 (n = 71) | 38 (53.5) | 33 (46.5) | 0.038 |
| 20-29 (n = 31) | 10 (32.3) | 21 (67.7) | |
| Family history of diabetes | |||
| No (n = 60) | 28 (46.7) | 32 (53.3) | 0.542 |
| Yes (n = 42) | 20 (47.6) | 22 (52.4) | |
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome | |||
| No (n = 86) | 42 (48.8) | 44 (51.2) | 0.289 |
| Yes (n = 16) | 6 (37.5) | 10 (62.5) | |
| Recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis | |||
| No (n = 89) | 42 (47.2) | 47 (52.8) | 0.591 |
| Yes (n = 13) | 6 (46.2) | 7 (53.8) | |
| Complications of diabetes | |||
| No (n = 90) | 41(45.6) | 49 (54.4) | 0.299 |
| Yes (n = 12) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | |
| Menses | |||
| Irregular (n = 27) | 17 (63) | 10 (37) | 0.04 |
| Regular (n = 75) | 31 (41.3) | 44 (58.7) | |
| Premature ovarian failure | |||
| No (n = 101) | 48 (47.5) | 53 (52.5) | |
| Yes (n = 1) | 0 | 1 (100) | 0.529 |
| Celiac disease | |||
| No (n = 95) | 44 (46.3) | 51(53.7) | 0.434 |
| Yes (n = 7) | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | |||
| No (n = 68) | 31 (45.6) | 37 (54.4) | 0.416 |
| Yes (n = 34) | 17 (50) | 17 (50) | |
| Dyslipidemia | |||
| No (n = 88) | 42 (47.7) | 46 (52.3) | 0.482 |
| Yes (n = 14) | 6 (42.9) | 8 (57.1) | |
| Hirsutism | |||
| No (n = 77) | 37 (48.1) | 40 (51.9) | 0.452 |
| Yes (n = 25) | 11 (44) | 14 (56) | |
| Acne | |||
| No (n = 83) | 45 (54.2) | 38 (45.8) | 0.002 |
| Yes (n = 19) | 3 (15.8) | 16 (84.2) | |
| Pelvic ultrasound | |||
| Not done (n = 67) | 31 (46.3) | 36 (53.7) | 0.103 |
| Small ovaries (n = 3) | 3 (100) | 0 | |
| Normal (n = 11) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 21) | 7 (33.3) | 14 (66.7) | |
| Testosterone level | |||
| Normal (n = 77) | 40 (51.9) | 37 (48.1) | 0.065 |
| High (n = 25) | 8 (32) | 17 (68) | |
| Variables | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | P value |
| Body mass index | 23.83 ± 0.5 | 23.28 ± 0.3 | 0.123 |
| Duration of diabetes | 9.13 ± 0.8 | 4.74 ± 0.5 | 0.011 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis | 8.42 ± 0.4 | 14.3 ± 0.2 | 0 |
| Insulin dose unit/kg | 0.84 ± 0.23 | 0.88 ± 0.23 | 0.794 |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 9.73 ± 0.3 | 8.78 ± 0.2 | 0.007 |
| Body mass index | 23.83 ± 0.5 | 23.28 ± 0.3 | 0.123 |
Categorical variables analyzed by χ2 test and the continuous variables analyzed by t-test. P < 0.05 considered as significant.