Table I.
Basic clinical and laboratory characteristics of diabetic nephropathy with and without SCI.
| Characteristics | NSCI group (n=100) | SCI group (n=100) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61±5 | 62±4 | 0.793 |
| Sex (male:female) | 51:49 | 50:50 | 0.886 |
| Smoking | 14 (14%) | 15 (15%) | 0.852 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 8 (8%) | 10 (10%) | 0.847 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5 (5%) | 7 (7%) | 0.765 |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 131.66±4.52 | 133.00±5.04 | 0.694 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 79.92±4.69 | 81.20±3.88 | 0.703 |
| Duration of diabetes (year) | 3.70±0.80 | 3.50±1.10 | 0.778 |
| Duration of diabetic nephropathy (year) | 0.50±0.10 | 1.10±0.00a | 0.049 |
| Intima-media thickness (mm) | 1.18±0.06 | 1.41±0.08a | 0.040 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.85±0.72 | 5.86±0.51a | 0.045 |
| HOMA-β | 36.50±2.42 | 28.60±5.36a | 0.043 |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.81±0.25 | 7.09±0.05 | 0.848 |
| Fibrinogen | 3.32±0.38 | 4.66±0.35a | 0.048 |
| ABI | 0.91±0.06 | 0.55±0.07a | 0.049 |
| Body fat mass (%) | 26.10±4.09 | 31.80±4.10a | 0.032 |
Values are given as mean ± standard deviation or number.
a
P<0.05, SCI vs. NSCI. HOMA-IR = fasting glucose × fasting insulin/22.5; HOMA-β = 20 × fasting insulin/(fasting glucose - 3.5); ABI = ankle vs. systolic pressure/brachial arterial systolic pressure; body fat mass (male) = 1.2 × BMI + 0.23 × age - 16.2; body fat mass (female) = 1.2 × BMI + 0.23 × age - 15.4; BMI = weight/height2. SCI, silent cerebral infarction; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function; ABI, ankle brachial index.