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. 2017 Nov 9;2017:9195163. doi: 10.1155/2017/9195163

Table 2.

Factors elevating the risk of recurrence of inverted papilloma, as quoted by the literature available.

Factor described Publications
Young age of patients Jardine et al., 2000 [12]
Female sex Suh et al., 1977 [13]
Tobacco smoking Roh et al., 2016 [14]
Jardine et al., 2000 [12]
Histopathological
 (i) Enhanced hyperkeratosis Katori et al., 2006 [15]
 and presence of squamous hyperplasia
 (ii) Elevated mitotic index
 (iii) Lack of inflamed polyps
 (iv) Greater amount of aneuploid cells Liu, 1990 [16]