Table 2.
Clinical characteristics, etiology and outcome of 35 adult patients with acute cerebellitis, including our case
| Characteristics | N/N (%) |
|---|---|
| Median age (range) | 36 (18–73) |
| Male sex | 13/35 (37) |
| Medical history | |
| None | 6/19 (32) |
| Malignancy | 3/19 (16) |
| Hepatitis C infection | 2/19 (11) |
| Symptoms | |
| Headache | 23/26 (88) |
| Fever | 12/17 (71) |
| Nystagmus | 13/32 (41) |
| Vertigo | 11/32 (34) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 14/16 (88) |
| Dysarthria | 26/34 (76) |
| Ataxia | 29/31 (94) |
| Altered consciousness | 10/35 (29) |
| Neck stiffness | 4/11 (36) |
| Etiology | |
| Unknown | 12/35 (34) |
| Medication-induced | 4/35 (11) |
| Paraneoplastic | 3/35 (9) |
| Para-infectious | 2/35 (6) |
| Epstein–Barr virus in cerebrospinal fluid | 2/35 (6) |
| Influenza in cerebrospinal fluid | 2/35 (6) |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid | 2/35 (6) |
| Herpes simplex in cerebrospinal fluid | 2/35 (6) |
| Other | 2/35 (6) |
| Scrub typhus | 1/35 (3) |
| Coxsackie virus in cerebrospinal fluid | 1/35 (3) |
| Salmonella in cerebrospinal fluid | 1/35 (3) |
| Cryptococcus neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid | 1/35 (3) |
| Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings | |
| T1: cortical hypointensity | 7/13 (54) |
| T2/FLAIR: cortical hyperintensity | 23/29 (79) |
| DWI/ADC: restriction | 8/10 (80) |
| T1 C+ (gadolinium): cortical and leptomeningeal enhancement | 18/23 (78) |
| Hydrocephalus | 9/35 (26) |
| Cerebrospinal fluid findings | |
| Median leukocyte count (/mL) (range) | 104 (0–797) |
| Median protein (g/L) (range) | 0.72 (0.08–2.00) |
| Treatment | |
| Steroids | 16/35 (46) |
| Antiviral medication | 12/35 (34) |
| Antibiotics | 9/35 (26) |
| Surgery | 7/35 (20) |
| Outcome | |
| Full recovery | 16/30 (53) |
| Sequelae | 14/30 (47) |
| Death | 0/35 (0) |
| Follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging findings | 21/35 (60) |
| Normal | 6/21 (29) |
| Improved, but with persistent abnormalities | 11/21 (52) |
| Cerebellar atrophy | 4/21 (19) |