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. 2017 Nov 22;17:227. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-1070-4

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA patterns in the Daphnia longispina species complex. Factorial correspondence analysis (a) demonstrating the position of the 49 individuals belonging to mtDNA clades I, II, or III in relation to the reference dataset (grey circles) consisting of 312 individuals belonging to D. galeata, D. longispina, and D. cucullata. Genetic relationships are depicted using the first two factors of an FCA based on multilocus genotypes from ten microsatellite loci (see Additional file 1 Fig. S1 for illustrations of factor 1 and 3 as well as 2 and 3). All individuals that were characterized as pure taxa according to their assignment probabilities calculated in Structure 2.3.4 [34] are encased by an oval. Patterns of variation of the 12S rDNA [derived and modified from 8] is shown in the inset Maximum Likelihood tree (b). The six divergent mitochondrial lineages firstly described by [8] are labelled I-VI and the remaining five divergent lineages are labelled according to their origin (N: Norway; J1, J2: Japan; R1, R2: Russia)