Table 2.

Adjusted* odd ratio (aOR) for diabetes for adult participants (20 years of age and older) in NHANES 2005–2006 (n=2027)

	Model 1 aOR ( 95% CI)	Model 2 aOR ( 95% CI)	Model 3 aOR ( 95% CI)
CEMA Q1 [n=425]	referent	referent	referent
CEMA Q2 [n=508]	2.51 (1.43, 4.38)	2.35 (1.30, 4.24)	2.16 (1.14, 4.10)
CEMA Q3 [n=534]	3.15 (1.55, 6.42)	3.07 (1.53, 6.16)	2.64 (1.26, 5.55)
CEMA Q4 [n=560]	2.60 (1.34, 5.07)	2.86 (1.49, 5.51)	2.39 (1.25, 4.54)
p-trend	0.01	0.01	0.04
3-HPMA Q1 [n=464]	referent	referent	referent
3-HPMA Q2 [n=525]	1.64 (1.21, 2.22)	1.56 (1.10, 2.21)	1.58 (1.13, 2.20)
3-HPMA Q3 [n=528]	2.42 (1.47, 4.00)	2.63 (1.66, 4.17)	2.79 (1.67, 4.66)
3-HPMA Q4 [n=510]	2.00 (1.21, 3.31)	3.09 (2.03, 4.70)	3.15 (2.01, 4.96)
p-trend	0.005	0.0000	0.0002
ΣAcrolein Q1 [n=457]	referent	referent	referent
ΣAcrolein Q2 [n=518]	1.85 (1.15, 2.95)	1.75 (1.12, 2.72)	1.72 (1.05, 2.83)
ΣAcrolein Q3 [n=543]	2.54 (1.42, 4.53)	2.69 (1.58, 4.58)	2.77 (1.48, 5.19)
ΣAcrolein Q4 [n=509]	2.16 (1.13, 4.12)	3.34 (1.85, 6.02)	3.36 (1.79, 6.30)
p-trend	0.03	0.0005	0.0017

Model 1: Adjusted for age and urinary creatinine.

Model 2: as Model 1 plus adjusted for Race/Ethnicity, sex, length of fasting, education attainment, alcohol consumption, self-reported cigarette smoking, and serum cotinine.

Model 3: as Model 2 plus adjusted for body weight status, and recreational activity.

Quartiles CEMA (μg/L): Q1: ≤ 47.49; Q2: 47.80 – 100.11; Q3: 100.12 – 196.98; Q4: >196.98. Quartiles 3-HPMA (μg/L): Q1: ≤ 144.44; Q2: 144.45 – 324.67; Q3: 324.68 – 707.35; Q4: >707.35. Quartiles ΣAcrolein (μmol/L): Q1: ≤ 0.92; Q2: 0.93 – 2.02; Q3: 2.03 – 4.15; Q4: >4.15.