Figure 1.

Liraglutide restores abnormal cytotoxicity and ameliorates impaired viability and proliferation in the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line upon persistent ER stress. Twenty-four hours post seeding, SH-SY5Y cells serum starved for 8 h and treated with 0, 10, 100 and 1000 nM of thapsigargin for 16 h, in the presence or absence of 100 nM Liraglutide. Cells were then assayed for XTT metabolisation [(a)] and BrdU incorporation [(b)] to assess cell viability and proliferation, respectively. Cell supernatant was collected and processed for LDH activity [(c)] to determine cytotoxicity. Each bar represents mean ± SEM from four independent experiments. All cell treatments were performed in sextuplicate per plate per experiment. Data is expressed as a percentage of the control (CNTRL; unstressed/untreated conditions). Data was analysed by one- and two-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Bonferroni’s multiple comparison t-test (^* p ≤ 0.05 & ^*** p ≤ 0.001 compared to CNTRL; ^## p ≤ 0.01 & ^### p ≤ 0.001 compared to the corresponding thapsigargin-treated cells).