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. 2017 Nov 23;7:16132. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16470-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Air cavities in culm sheath, and starch granules stained in the culm sheath and young shoot culms. ac, air cavities. (a) Parenchyma cells disintegrated into air cavities in culm sheaths. Bar = 80 μm. (b) Air cavities observed under anatomical lens. Bar = 100 μm. (c) Starch granules localized in culm sheath (arrow). Bar = 20 μm. (d) Starch granules localized in young shoot culms (arrow). Bar = 20 μm.