. 2017 Sep 19;117(11):2321–2333. doi: 10.1007/s00421-017-3719-5

Table 1.

Lactate, glycerol, NEFA, IL-6, plasma osmolality and epinephrine responses (n = 22, data are presented as means ± SD)

Variable	Trial	Timing
Variable	Trial	Rest	Pre	15-min	30-min	45-min	HT	60-min	75-min	90-min	105-min	120-min
Lactate (mmol l⁻¹)	PSE	0.83 ± 0.35	0.80 ± 0.18	5.59 ± 2.17	5.13 ± 2.03	5.02 ± 2.08	2.16 ± 0.94	4.16 ± 2.11	3.89 ± 1.86	4.05 ± 2.01	2.92 ± 1.14	3.15 ± 1.42
	MDX	0.77 ± 0.23	0.91 ± 0.28	5.52 ± 2.03	5.51 ± 1.86	5.26 ± 1.96	2.42 ± 1.20	4.56 ± 1.76	4.19 ± 1.51	4.66 ± 1.99	3.29 ± 1.49	3.67 ± 1.62
	PLA	0.79 ± 0.26	0.85 ± 0.21	5.42 ± 2.41	5.44 ± 2.33	4.94 ± 2.23	2.17 ± 1.06	4.39 ± 1.87	3.97 ± 1.70	4.10 ± 2.13	3.25 ± 1.60	3.73 ± 1.73
Glycerol (mmol l⁻¹)	PSE	0.03 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.03	0.09 ± 0.04*	0.07 ± 0.03	0.12 ± 0.06*	0.14 ± 0.04*	0.17 ± 0.05*	0.19 ± 0.07*	0.27 ± 0.09*
	MDX	0.03 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.04	0.08 ± 0.04	0.09 ± 0.04*	0.08 ± 0.03	0.09 ± 0.04*	0.14 ± 0.05*	0.16 ± 0.07*	0.23 ± 0.08*	0.30 ± 0.07*
	PLA	0.03 ± 0.03	0.02 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.03	0.09 ± 0.03	0.11 ± 0.05	0.09 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.04	0.19 ± 0.07	0.26 ± 0.06	0.29 ± 0.08	0.36 ± 0.09
NEFA (mmol l⁻¹)	PSE	0.23 ± 0.12*	0.06 ± 0.03*^a	0.17 ± 0.11*	0.18 ± 0.17*	0.30 ± 0.26*	0.64 ± 0.38	0.49 ± 0.37*	0.58 ± 0.32	0.75 ± 0.44*	0.95 ± 0.47*	1.22 ± 0.47*
	MDX	0.32 ± 0.19	0.09 ± 0.04*	0.16 ± 0.13*	0.18 ± 0.11*	0.26 ± 0.16*	0.71 ± 0.41	0.31 ± 0.19*	0.54 ± 0.28*	0.59 ± 0.25*	0.95 ± 0.37*	1.34 ± 0.38
	PLA	0.46 ± 0.30	0.10 ± 0.07	0.25 ± 0.15	0.27 ± 0.18	0.44 ± 0.25	0.81 ± 0.38	0.70 ± 0.30	0.80 ± 0.41	1.03 ± 0.38	1.24 ± 0.40	1.50 ± 0.42
IL-6 (pg ml⁻¹)	PSE	3.66 ± 1.93	3.52 ± 2.31	4.10 ± 2.06	4.15 ± 2.17	4.85 ± 2.57	5.19 ± 1.97	5.41 ± 2.58	6.07 ± 2.90	8.18 ± 3.47	9.57 ± 3.95	11.47 ± 5.54
	MDX	4.32 ± 2.50	4.63 ± 2.57	4.79 ± 2.47	5.85 ± 2.56	6.34 ± 2.66	6.81 ± 3.61	7.10 ± 2.99	7.61 ± 3.40	8.87 ± 3.90	11.63 ± 4.67	14.99 ± 9.52
	PLA	3.74 ± 2.32	4.49 ± 2.41	5.36 ± 3.85	5.43 ± 2.33	7.38 ± 5.95	7.23 ± 3.42	6.85 ± 3.25	7.09 ± 2.34	9.56 ± 3.85	10.16 ± 3.72	14.32 ± 5.74
Osmolality (mOsmol kg⁻¹)	PSE	274 ± 41	283 ± 33	279 ± 38^a	290 ± 37	292 ± 38	276 ± 33	292 ± 47	297 ± 16	296 ± 13	300 ± 11	294 ± 6^a
	MDX	284 ± 13	296 ± 16	304 ± 15*	296 ± 16	287 ± 26	290 ± 10	292 ± 12	300 ± 21	288 ± 21	299 ± 17	285 ± 9*
	PLA	292 ± 12	298 ± 12	293 ± 23	295 ± 17	293 ± 14	290 ± 13	294 ± 9	297 ± 9	299 ± 10	292 ± 10	296 ± 17
Epinephrine (pmol l⁻¹)	PSE	–	255.6 ± 89.0	–	–	464.5 ± 257.0	274.6 ± 116.0	589.8 ± 311.4	–	586.1 ± 349.6*^a	–	996.3 ± 611.9*
	MDX	–	285.3 ± 80.1	–	–	470.8 ± 205.9	326.3 ± 106.9	681.2 ± 561.4	–	877.8 ± 484.5	–	1397.2 ± 775.2*
	PLA	–	253.6 ± 84.3	–	–	695.4 ± 555.0	288.6 ± 82.5	627.9 ± 217.7	–	1313.7 ± 975.4	–	3149.5 ± 2265.1

*Significant difference compared to PLA at corresponding time-point

^aSignificant difference compared to MDX at corresponding time-point