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. 2017 Jun 24;6(4):323–341. doi: 10.1007/s13566-017-0315-6

Table 2.

Technical details of human studies

Study Number of patients Tumor type Isotope Particle Particle size (μm) Multiple Injections/single infusion Imaging Needle gauge Tumor sizea Amount of fluid Injected activity (MBq)/absorbed dose (Gy)
Kim 1962 [10] 10 Breast, bladder, brain, prostate, lung, metastasis 90Y Ceramic MS 60 ± 5 Multiple injections
Blanchard 1965 [11] 12 Bladder, prostate, breast, lung, metastasis 90Y Ceramic MS 40–60 Multiple injections 925–11,100 MBq
Ariel 1978 [12] 1 Rhabdomyosarcoma 90Y Ceramic MS 15 ± 10 Multiple injections 20 2 cm2 3 ml 185 MBq
Order 1996 [15] 47 Pancreas carcinoma 32P CPP + MAA 0.6–1.3 + 10–90 Single infusion CT 22 T1-T3 <4.5 ml 148–1110 MBq
Tian 1996 [13] 33 27 HCC
6 liver metastasis		 90Y Glass MS 0.6–1.3 + 10–90 Multiple injections US 18 1.8–10.7 cm 0.1–0.3 ml
Max 1.5 ml/session		 370/4440 MBq
Westlin 1997 [16] 17 Pancreas carcinoma 32P CPP + MAA 0.6–1.3 + 10–90 Single infusion US 19 13 cm3
(3.1–37.5)		 Max 25% tumor volume 1390–9000 Gy
DeNittes 1999 [17] 5 Pancreas carcinoma 32P CPP + MAA 0.6–1.3 + 10–90 Single infusion US 22 3–4.5 ml 1110 MBq
Firusian 1999 [18] 17 Various solid malignancies 32P CPP 0.6–2 Single infusion US 10–290 cm3 5–15 ml <20 cm3: 74 MBq
20–40 cm3: 148 MBq
50–100 cm3: 222 MBq
>100 cm3: 2–3 sessions
100–200 cm3: 370 MBq
200–300 cm3: 555 MBq
Montijo 2003 [19] 1 Pancreas carcinoma 32P CPP + MAA 0.6–1.3 Single infusion 544 MBq
Alimi 2007 [20] 14 Secondary resistant H&N tumors 32P CPP 0.6–1.3 Single infusion US 5–15 ml <20 cm3: 74 MBq
20–40 cm3: 148 MBq
41–50 cm3: 185 MBq
51–100 cm3: 296 MBq
>100 cm3: in 2–5 sessions
>100 cm3: 444 MBq
Goh 2007 [14] 8 HCC 32P BioSilicon MS 30 Multiple injections US/CT 18 outer
22 inner		 7% of tumor volume 4 MBq/cm3 of tumor
Rosemurgery 2008 [21] 30
18 treated
12 control		 Pancreas carcinoma 32P CPP 0.6–1.3 Multiple Injections CT 19.7 ± 10.5 cm2
24.1 ± 16.8 cm2 		25% of tumor volume (18.5 MBq/g tissue max 740 MBq
Median dose 1255.34 Gy

HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, 90 Y yttrium-90, 32 P phosphorus-32, CPP chromic phosphate particles, MAA macroaggregated albumin, MS microspheres, US ultrasound, CT computed tomography, MBq megabecquerel, Gy Gray

aTumor size presented as TNM stage, mean ± SD, or median and/or range, cm: diameter, cm2: tumor cross-sectional area, cm3: volume