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. 2017 Nov 24;8:1778. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01841-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Exosomes released from pure sensory neurons after capsaicin are phagocytosed by macrophages. a, b Representative scatterplots (gating strategy) and ImageStream^TM images showing EVs (CFSE-labeled, green) uptake by macrophages (F4/80⁺, red). EVs were isolated from culture media after incubation of pure DRG neurons with buffer control or CAPS for 3 h. c Percentage-positive and median fluorescence intensity of CFSE⁺ macrophages incubated with neuron-derived EVs. Data are means ± S.E.M., n = 4. *P < 0.05, compared to control, Student’s t-test. d Nos2, Mrc1, and Spry2 mRNA expression levels in macrophages incubated with and without exosomes derived from CAPS-treated pure DRG neurons. e Nos2 and Spry2 mRNA expression levels in macrophages transfected with miR-21-5p antagomir or scrambled oligomer and incubated with EVs derived from CAPS-treated pure DRG neurons. Data are means ± S.E.M., n = 3; *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 Student’s t-test