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. 2017 Nov 24;7:16214. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15376-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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BM-MSC-derived MPs and Exos protected mice from osteoarthritic damages in the collagenase-induced OA model. (A) Representative 3D reconstructed images of sub-chondral bone surface in tibias after µCT analysis. Images from control mice (Ctrl), collagenase-treated mice (Col) and Col mice that received intra-articular injection of 500 ng MPs or 250 ng Exos or 2.5 × 10⁵ BM-MSCs. (B) Histomorphometric analysis of 3D images of epiphyseal bone: Bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV) parameters (n = 15). (C) Histomorphometric analysis of sub-chondral bone. *: p < 0.05 as compared to Col group.