Table 3.

Spatial and temporal correlations of disease cases and incidence in Norway.

	Lyme disease	Babesiosis	Anaplasmosis cattle	Anaplasmosis sheep
Spatial
Lyme disease		0.24 [0.14, 0.42]	0.23 [0.14, 0.36]	0.26 [0.10, 0.43]
Babesiosis	0.16 [0.06, 0.35]		0.73 [0.41, 0.88]	0.22 [0.12, 0.36]
Anaplasm. cattle	0.14 [0.05, 0.28]	0.79 [0.67, 0.89]		0.21 [0.12, 0.35]
Anaplasm. sheep	0.06 [−0.01, 0.21]	0.49 [0.29, 0.73]	0.48 [0.28, 0.71]
Temporal
Lyme disease		−0.14 [−0.62, 0.37]	0.05 [−0.58, 0.58]	0.42 [−0.36, 0.85]
Babesiosis	−0.18 [−0.66, 0.33]		0.54 [0.03, 0.81]	−0.02 [−0.31, 0.37]
Anaplasm. cattle	0.03 [−0.59, 0.56]	0.49 [0.02, 0.78]		0.07 [−0.60, 0.49]
Anaplasm. sheep	0.41 [−0.33, 0.81]	0.03 [−0.28, 0.42]	0.03 [−0.60, 0.49]

The spatial correlation (Pearson) between the number of cases (bottom-left) and mean incidence (top-right) between 4 tick-borne diseases: Lyme disease in humans, babesiosis in cattle, anaplasmosis in cattle, and anaplasmosis in sheep, averaged over the period 1995–2015. Confidence intervals were obtained by bootstrapping (using the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles). Spatial correlations are based on data from each municipality from all of Norway, and temporal correlations are first-differenced series of total incidences/sums per year for all of Norway. Pearson correlations in bold have values with 95% confidence intervals that do not overlap zero.