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. 2017 Nov 24;7:16285. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16459-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The proliferative phenotype in RWPE-1 organoids is independent of the Vitamin E isomer or antioxidant structure. (A) H&E staining showing hollow lumens (arrows) in vehicle and Selenium and filled lumens for γ-Tocopherol or its combination with Selenium. The confocal images show Ki67 immunostaining on sections of RWPE-1 organoids treated with the vehicle, γ-Tocopherol, its combination with Selenium or Selenium alone (B) H&E images showing hollow and filled morphology in vehicle and NAC treated organoids respectively and Ki67 immunostaining on sections of RWPE-1 organoids treated with vehicle or increasing concentrations of NAC. (C) Quantification of Ki-67 positive cells from (A) showed a significant increase in the proliferation of organoids treated with γ-Tocopherol or its combination with Selenium but not Selenium alone. (D) Quantification of Ki-67 positive cells from (B) showed a dose dependent increase in proliferation in organoids treated with NAC. Each data point represents a single field of view. Scale bars represent 50 μm. Asterisks represent statistical significance (One way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons). *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ****p ≤ 0.0001; error bars represent SD.