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. 2017 Nov 24;7:16307. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13633-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Correlation between cortical connectivity, pain ratings and HRV parameters. Change in pain ratings (NRS change) was significant negatively correlated (blue line) with the strength of pain induced coupling (multivariate interaction measure, MIM) between contralateral insula (Ins) and mid-cingulate cortex (MCC). The same negative correlation was found between MIM and the HF spectral power value (HF). Furthermore, we identified positive correlations (red lines) between HF parameters and MIM for connections between insula and ipsilateral prefrontal cortex (PFCi) and between both prefrontal cortices (PFCc and PFCi).