Fig. 4.

Direct behavioral ratings of stimulus ambiguity and judgment difficulty. A–E, Ratings of stimulus ambiguity. Twenty-one raters rated the ambiguity of stimulus on a 1–10 scale. A, Gender judgment task. For each stimulus, raters were asked, “how ambiguous is it to judge the gender of this face model?” We first averaged across stimuli for each ambiguity level within each subject and then averaged across subjects. Error bars denote one SEM across raters. B, Emotion judgment task. Raters were asked, “how ambiguous is it to judge the emotion of this face model?” C, Wealth judgment task. Raters were asked, “how ambiguous is it to judge the wealth of this face model?” D, Mean ratings across tasks. E, Difference in ratings between anchor and high-ambiguity stimuli. F–J, Ratings of judgment difficulty. The same raters rated the judgment difficulty on a 1–10 scale. F, Gender judgment task. Raters were asked, “how difficult is it to judge the gender of this face model?” G, Emotion judgment task. Raters were asked, “how difficult is it to judge the emotion of this face model?” H, Wealth judgment task. Raters were asked, “how difficult is it to judge the wealth of this face model?” I, Mean ratings across tasks. J, Difference in ratings between anchor and high ambiguity stimuli. Paired t test between adjacent levels of ambiguity: +, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n.s., not significant.