Table 2.

Transfer results.

Group								Comparison
	FS (n = 56)				IS(n = 33)				MT (n = 50)				Time				Group				Time*Group
Measure	Pre-training		Post-training		Pre-training		Post-training		Pre-training		Post-training		df	F	P	${\eta }_P^2$	df	F	P	${\eta }_P^2$	df	F	P	${\eta }_P^2$
	M	s.d.	M	s.d.	M	s.d.	M	s.d.	M	s.d.	M	s.d.
PRINCIPAL
Switch task	−348	175	−276	155	−368	266	−298	143	−367	225	−321	172	1;130	16.13	<0.001	0.11	2;130	0.238	0.79	0.004	2;130	0.535	0.59	0.01
Dual task	−1,215	274	−1,122	264	−1,241	302	−1,141	223	−1,290	300	−1,210	328	1;130	40.96	<0.001	0.24	2;130	0.702	0.5	0.01	2;130	0.078	0.93	0.001
SSRT	−258	48	−243	61	−269	56	−251	63	−265	61	−259	59	1;120	4.277	0.04	0.03	2;120	0.782	0.46	0.01	2;120	0.304	0.74	0.01
N-back	−10.2	7.4	−8.3	4.9	−9.2	4.5	−8.3	8.0	−11.4	7.8	−9.1	6.2	1;125	4.955	0.03	0.04	2;125	0.865	0.42	0.01	2;125	0.218	0.8	0.003
SECONDARY
D-KEFS TMT-4	−86.0	27.8	−80.7	31.0	−87.1	30.1	−71.1	22.1	−88	34	−77.8	31.7	1;133	16.796	<0.001	0.11	2;133	0.299	0.74	0.004	2;133	1.387	0.25	0.02
TMT-B	−71.7	29.3	−61.8	20.0	−72.6	31.7	−64.1	20.4	−71.3	21.0	−63.4	17.1	1;120	31.211	<0.001	0.21	2;120	0.312	0.73	0.01	2;120	0.519	0.6	0.01
Sem. fluency switch	−3.2	4.1	−3.6	4.2	−2.9	3.5	−5.3	4.5	−4.8	5.2	−4.8	4.1	1;129	3.653	0.06	0.03	2;129	2.362	0.1	0.04	2;129	1.66	0.19	0.03
Drag-and-drop	−37.3	9.7	−34.8	9.2	−39.2	8.5	−33.7	6.3	−42.6	17.1	−36.1	7.9	1;119	17.399	<0.001	0.13	2;119	1.877	0.16	0.03	2;119	1.289	0.28	0.02
Drag-to-grid	−62.8	13.5	−57.8	11.8	−66.4	13.1	−59.3	9.1	−65.3	12.2	−58.6	10.6	1;120	58.206	<0.001	0.33	2;120	0.535	0.59	0.01	2;120	0.706	0.5	0.01
Click task	−30.7	12.6	−27.3	8.2	−29.9	13.5	−26.0	6.0	−30.0	12.8	−25.2	7.1	1;118	12.549	0.001	0.1	2;118	0.333	0.72	0.01	2;118	0.159	0.85	0.003
TMT-A	40.6	11.3	37.4	7.0	42.9	10.4	36.7	8.6	43.9	15.2	37.4	7.7	1;119	27.518	<0.001	0.19	2;119	0.713	0.49	0.01	2;119	2.137	0.12	0.04
D-KEFS TMT-5	−28.1	9.6	−27.3	10.3	−26.2	7.9	−25.8	9.8	−27.8	9.5	−26.8	8.5	1;136	2.135	0.15	0.02	2;136	0.405	0.67	0.01	2;136	0.093	0.91	0.00
DSC	66.4	12.8	69.6	14.0	66.4	13.6	68.5	12.5	65.8	13.0	68.6	13.8	1;136	20.666	<0.001	0.13	2;136	0.054	0.95	0.001	2;136	0.255	0.78	0.00
DSC online	37.9	5.3	40.0	6.3	37.5	4.7	40.0	4.5	37.2	4.9	39.9	4.9	1;108	66.755	<0.001	0.38	2;108	0.082	0.92	0.002	2;108	0.498	0.61	0.01
ToL	33.5	23.3	27.1	17.9	33.4	21.4	22.4	15.9	37.0	24.4	22.3	19.1	1;123	24.059	<0.001	0.16	2;123	0.302	0.74	0.01	2;123	1.392	0.25	0.02
RPM	18.3	1.6	17.8	1.8	18.2	1.7	18.8	1.4	18.2	1.5	18.3	1.5	1;129	0.05	0.82	0	2;129	0.929	0.4	0.01	2;129	3.378	0.04	0.05
Shipley	15.3	2.8	15.9	3.0	15.8	2.7	17.1	2.5	15.8	2.7	16.5	2.7	1;130	23.496	<0.001	0.15	2;130	1.193	0.31	0.02	2;130	1.001	0.37	0.02
Corsi online	5.8	1.2	5.9	0.9	5.9	1.5	5.9	1.2	5.6	1.2	5.9	1.0	1;122	0.573	0.45	0.01	2;122	0.290	0.75	0.01	2;122	0.297	0.74	0.01
PASAT	96.7	16.5	103.5	16.2	96.6	14.6	103.6	11.2	93.8	16.5	101.2	13.5	1;133	67.008	<0.001	0.34	2;133	0.683	0.51	0.01	2;133	0.13	0.88	0.00
OSPAN	52.5	13.8	54.3	13.1	51.9	12.2	54.3	15.9	53.4	10.8	56.9	10.6	1;89	3.69	0.06	0.04	2;89	0.324	0.72	0.01	2;89	0.188	0.83	0.00
LNS	10.3	2.2	10.4	2.5	9.9	2.4	10.5	2.6	10.2	2.4	10.6	2.4	1;136	4.663	0.03	0.03	2;136	0.081	0.92	0.001	2;136	0.478	0.62	0.01
RAVLT	47.6	9.5	49.2	10.2	45.5	9.1	48.1	9.8	46.1	9.4	48.1	8.8	1;131	11.854	<0.001	0.08	2;131	0.435	0.65	0.01	2;131	0.219	0.8	0.00
RAVLT delay	10.6	3.1	11.1	3.0	9.3	2.9	10.0	3.2	10.4	2.8	10.6	2.8	1;131	5.744	0.02	0.04	2;131	1.853	0.16	0.03	2;131	0.599	0.55	0.01
Sem. fluency	23.4	4.8	23.4	5.7	22.6	4.6	24.1	5.3	23.8	5.1	23.2	5.2	1;129	0.487	0.49	0	2;129	0.014	0.99	0.001	2;129	2.146	0.12	0.03
Letter fluency	47.4	13.1	47.8	13.1	43.8	12.2	43.9	11.4	44.4	10.9	44.6	10.9	1;130	0.13	0.72	0	2;130	1.408	0.25	0.02	2;130	0.011	0.99	0.00

p-values are based on repeated-measures ANOVA; Bonferroni-corrected significant values in bold; ${\eta }_{\text{p}}^{\mathit{\text{2}}}=$ partial eta squared (effect size); FS, frequent switching experimental group ; IS, infrequent switching experimental group; MT, mock training; SSRT, stop-signal reaction time; D-KEFS, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; TMT, Trail Making Test; sem, semantic; DSC, Digit Symbol Coding; ToL, Tower of London; RPM, Raven's Progressive Matrices; PASAT, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; LNS, Letter Number Sequencing; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. TM T A and B, DKEFS 4 and 5, Drag-and-drop, Drag-to-grid and Click task in sec.; switchtask, dual task, SSRT in msec.; N-back in % correct.