Table 3. Knowledge of sampling phase of the investigated nurses in the survey.
| Questions |
Response rate, N (%) |
Missing rate, N (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Which vein is preferred for venipuncture? | |||
| Median cubital vein / median vein* | 2683 (87.2)* | 62 (2.0) | |
| Basilic vein | 289 (9.4) | ||
| Other veins | 43 (1.4) | ||
| Where is the proper location to apply a tourniquet? | |||
| 3.5 - 5.0 cm above the venipuncture site | 336 (10.9) | 78 (2.5) | |
| > 5.0 - < 7.5 cm above the venipuncture site | 1577 (51.2) | ||
| 7.5 - 10.0 cm above the venipuncture site* | 910 (29.6)* | ||
| > 10.0 - < 12.5 cm above the venipuncture site | 159 (5.2) | ||
| 12.5 - 15.0 cm above the venipuncture site | 17 (0.6) | ||
| How long can tourniquet application last? | |||
| ≤ 60 seconds* | 2402 (78.1)* | 629 (20.4) | |
| > 60 seconds | 46 (1.5) | ||
| Should gloves be worn during phlebotomy? | |||
| Yes* | 2021 (65.7)* | 84 (2.7) | |
| No | 972 (31.6) | ||
| When is the proper time to put on gloves? | |||
| Before assembling supplies | 299 (9.7) | 683 (22.2) | |
| Before performing venipuncture* | 2062 (67.0)* | ||
| Others______ | 33 (1.1) | ||
| What is the proper diameter of disinfection? | |||
| < 5.0 cm | 48 (1.5) | 356 (11.6) | |
| ≥ 5.0 cm† | 2673 (86.9)† | ||
| What is the proper angle of needle insertion? | |||
| ≤ 30°* | 1896 (61.6)* | 124 (4.0) | |
| > 30 - ≤ 45° | 1048 (34.1) | ||
| > 45° | 9 (0.3) | ||
| When is the proper time to release the tourniquet? | |||
| After succeeding in performing venipuncture | 898 (29.2) | 117 (3.8) | |
| As soon as blood flow is established* | 569 (18.5)* | ||
| When blood half-fills the first tube | 143 (4.6) | ||
| When blood fills the first tube | 200 (6.5) | ||
| When blood fills the last tube | 1150 (37.4) | ||
| When is the proper time to change tube during multi-tube sampling? | |||
| Until the vacuum is exhausted and blood flow ceases* | 877 (28.5)* | 179 (5.8) | |
| Until the volume of the blood sample is sufficient based on your judgement | 2021 (65.7) | ||
| When is the proper time to mix the blood collection tube that contains additives? | |||
| Mix each tube instantly after blood sampling* | 2889 (93.9)* | 64 (2.1) | |
| Mix all tubes together after blood sampling is completed | 124 (4.0) | ||
| What is the proper approach for mixing blood with additives? | |||
| Inverting up and down* | 2666 (86.6)* | 91 (3.0) | |
| Vibrating left and right | 320 (10.4) | ||
|
How many times of mixture do you consider it is if a tube is fully inverted for 180° and then returned to the initial position? | |||
| Once* | 691 (22.5)* | 174 (5.6) | |
| Twice | 2212 (71.9) | ||
| What is the proper approach for removing the needle and applying pressure? | |||
| Withdraw the needle prior to applying pressure* | 2061 (67.0)* | 54 (1.7) | |
| Withdraw the needle after applying pressure | 962 (31.3) | ||
| *Correct options based on the CLSI H3-A6 guidelines. †Correct options based on the situation in China. | |||