Table 1. Factors associated with the belief that smokeless tobacco use is less harmful than cigarettes: HINTS-FDA 2015.
| Overall | Yes, SLT less harmful | No, SLT not less harmful | Don't Know if SLT less harmful | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (weighted %) | weighted % (95% CI) | weighted % (95% CI) | weighted % (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Overall | 3,738 | 10.9 (9.4, 12.8) | 66.8 (63.9, 69.6) | 22.2 (20.0, 24.7) | p=0.001 | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 1,497 (46.5) | 13.7 (11.0, 16.8) | 65.3 (60.7, 69.5) | 21.1 (17.6, 25.1) | p=0.02 | ||
| Female | 2,018 (48.2) | 8.7 (6.8, 11.2) | 69.5 (65.9, 72.8) | 21.8 (18.9, 25.0) | |||
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 18-34 | 455 (29.5) | 9.5 (5.7, 15.3) | 72.6 (65.4, 78.8) | 17.9 (12.4, 25.3) | p=0.06 | ||
| 35-49 | 659 (24.3) | 13.4 (9.4, 18.8) | 63.7 (58.5, 68.7) | 22.8 (18.2, 28.2) | |||
| 50-64 | 1,226 (24.9) | 11.8 (9.7, 14.2) | 68.3 (64.4, 71.9) | 20.0 (16.6, 23.8) | |||
| 65+ | 1,288 (18.4) | 10.0 (8.3, 12.1) | 60.4 (56.6, 64.0) | 29.6 (26.2, 33.2) | |||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| White, Not Hispanic | 2,633 (59.6) | 10.5 (8.6, 12.9) | 73.5 (70.4, 76.4) | 15.9 (14.1, 17.9) | p=0.00 | ||
| Black, Not Hispanic | 232 (10.4) | 10.0g (4.4, 21.3) | 63.0 (51.4, 73.3) | 26.9 (18.1, 38.1) | |||
| Hispanic | 1517 (20.6) | 11.4 (7.7, 16.6) | 53.2 (46.6, 59.6) | 35.4 (29.7, 41.5) | |||
| Multiple Races or Other | 312 (8.5) | 13.8 (8.4, 21.8) | 57.9 (46.5, 68.6) | 28.3 (19.6, 38.9) | |||
| Education | |||||||
| Less than high school | 237 (10.7) | 8.2g (4.1, 15.6) | 58.9 (48.2, 68.7) | 32.9 (23.9, 43.3) | p=0.04 | ||
| High school graduate | 727 (20.7) | 9.0 (5.4, 14.5) | 66.1 (57.9, 73.4) | 24.9 (19.4, 31.4) | |||
| Vocational or Some College | 1,132 (32.3) | 10.4 (7.2, 14.9) | 70.7 (64.9, 75.9) | 18.8 (14.9, 23.4) | |||
| College Graduate or PostGraduate | 1,578 (34.7) | 13.8 (11.5, 16.4) | 66.1 (61.9, 70.1) | 20.1 (16.5, 24.2) | |||
| Household income | |||||||
| <$35,000 | 1,170 (32.1) | 10.5 (7.1, 15.2) | 61.0 (55.3, 66.3) | 28.5 (24.1, 33.4) | p=0.0004 | ||
| $35,000 to $74,999 | 1,020 (27.0) | 8.9 (6.9, 11.4) | 73.0 (69.0, 76.6) | 18.1 (14.7, 22.0) | |||
| $75,000 or more | 1,112 (32.2) | 13.2 (10.4, 16.6) | 70.1 (64.9, 74.9) | 16.7 (13.3, 20.7) | |||
| Current tobacco usea | |||||||
| Yes | 616 (18.2) | 13.0 (9.4, 17.8) | 67.7 (62.6, 72.5) | 19.2 (14.4, 25.3) | p=0.37 | ||
| No | 3,067 (80.6) | 10.6 (8.6, 12.9) | 66.6 (63.2, 69.8) | 22.8 (20.2, 25.7) | |||
| Smokeless tobacco useb | |||||||
| Ever use | 327 (9.4) | 23.6 (15.8, 33.6) | 68.6 (59.1, 76.7) | 7.8 (5.0, 12.0) | p=0.000 | ||
| Never use | 3,347 (88.5) | 9.7 (8.0, 11.7) | 66.8 (63.7, 69.7) | 23.5 (21.1, 26.1) | |||
| Residence Typec | |||||||
| Urban county | 3,648 (98.3) | 10.9 (9.2, 12.8) | 66.7 (63.7, 69.6) | 22.4 (20.0, 24.9) | p=0.38 | ||
| Rural county | 90 (1.7) | 13.9g (5.8, 30.0) | 72.6 (54.6, 85.4) | 13.4g (6.1, 26.9) | |||
| Census Division | |||||||
| New England | 163 (5.5) | 6.4g (3.2, 12.3) | 73.6 (59.1, 84.4) | 19.9 (11.1, 33.1) | p=0.18 | ||
| Middle Atlantic | 444 (12.5) | 10.1 (7.1, 14.1) | 61.1 (54.1, 67.7) | 28.8 (23.1, 35.2) | |||
| East North Central | 783 (14.7) | 9.0 (6.3, 12.7) | 70.2 (63.8, 75.9) | 20.8 (15.5, 27.3) | |||
| West North Central | 322 (6.5) | 14.8 (9.5, 22.4) | 66.6 (54.9, 76.5) | 18.6 (9.9, 32.2) | |||
| South Atlantic | 708 (21.4) | 12.8 (8.3, 19.2) | 64.6 (58.7, 70.0) | 22.6 (18.0, 27.9) | |||
| East South Central | 316 (6.1) | 6.7 (4.2, 10.7) | 78.8 (70.7, 85.2) | 14.4 (8.9, 22.6) | |||
| West South Central | 367 (9.9) | 9.4 (6.1, 14.1) | 67.9 (59.6, 75.3) | 22.6 (15.8, 31.3) | |||
| Mountain | 242 (7.0) | 14.0g (6.5, 27.6) | 71.2 (59.8, 80.4) | 14.8 (9.6, 22.2) | |||
| Pacific | 393 (16.4) | 12.1 (7.8, 18.2) | 61.7 (52.8, 69.9) | 26.2 (19.2, 34.6) | |||
| Census Region | |||||||
| Northeast | 607 (18.0) | 8.9 (6.8, 11.8) | 64.9 (58.7, 70.7) | 26.1 (20.8, 32.1) | p=0.53 | ||
| Midwest | 1,105 (21.2) | 10.8 (8.4, 13.9) | 69.1 (63.7, 74.0) | 20.1 (15.7, 25.3) | |||
| South | 1,391 (37.4) | 10.9 (8.1, 14.5) | 67.8 (64.3, 71.2) | 21.3 (18.0, 24.9) | |||
| West | 635 (23.4) | 12.7 (8.7, 18.1) | 64.6 (57.2, 71.2) | 22.8 (17.9, 28.5) | |||
| Addiction beliefs about smokeless tobaccod | |||||||
| Very addictive | 111 (40.5) | 9.6 (7.6, 12.2) | 77.9 (72.9, 82.2) | 12.4 (9.0, 16.9) | p=0.000 | ||
| Moderately addictive | 674 (20.1) | 18.7 (13.8, 24.8) | 69.0 (62.2, 75.1) | 12.3 (8.4, 17.6) | |||
| Not at all addictive | 1,512 (4.3) | 10.1 (5.6, 17.3) | 66.4 (48.8, 80.4) | 23.6g (10.7, 44.1) | |||
| Don't know | 1,251 (30.1) | 7.4 (5.6, 9.7) | 53.5 (49.1, 57.9) | 39.0 (34.8, 43.5) | |||
| Information seekinge | |||||||
| Health effects (% Yes) | 648 (20.3) | 1 2.9 (8.7, 13.0) | 67.0 (59.9, 73.4) | 20.1 (14.6, 26.9) | p=0.61 | ||
| Products that claim to reduce exposure to certain chemicals or present less risk of disease (% Yes) | 175 (5.4) | 13.0 (7.5, 21.7) | 69.1 (55.8, 79.8) | 17.9 (9.6, 30.9) | p=0.73 | ||
| Quitting help/information (% Yes) | 458 (12.7) | 15.4 (10.2, 22.5) | 71.0 (62.8, 78.1) | 13.6 (8.7, 20.7) | p=0.03 | ||
| List of chemicals in tobacco products (% Yes) | 281 (9.5) | 12.8 (7.9, 20.0) | 76.5 (67.9, 83.4) | 10.7 (6.4, 17.2) | p=0.01 | ||
| Cost/Coupons (% Yes) | 321 (9.9) | 12.1 (7.9, 17.9) | 71.5 (63.0, 78.6) | 16.5 (11.2, 23.6) | p=0.38 | ||
| Instructions/Tutorials (% Yes) | 37 (1.0) | NAh | NAh | NAh | p=0.92 | ||
| Where to buy (% Yes) | 104 (2.9) | 21.5g (11.2, 37.2) | 64.8 (49.9, 77.4) | 13.7 (7.9, 22.5) | p=0.04 | ||
| Information about new kinds of tobacco products (% Yes) | 81 (2.5) | 16.5g (8.4, 29.7) | 72.0 (55.5, 81.2) | 11.5 (5.4, 22.7) | p=0.15 | ||
| Never looked for any of this information (% Yes) | 2,514 (64.4) | 10.3 (8.2, 12.8) | 68.4 (64.7, 71.9) | 21.3 (18.4, 24.5) | p=0.49 | ||
| Other | 96 (2.6) | 6.8g (2.7, 16.0) | 54.4 (35.7, 71.9) | 38.8 (21.2, 59.8) | p=0.03 | ||
| Cancer Beliefsf | |||||||
| Person's behavior/lifestyle causes cancer | |||||||
| Strongly Agree | 285 (9.3) | 16.9 (10.7, 25.8) | 56.3 (45.9, 66.2) | 26.7 (18.5, 36.9) | p=0.02 | ||
| Somewhat Agree | 1,605 (405) | 11.0 (8.7, 13.9) | 69.7 (65.2, 73.7) | 19.3 (15.8, 23.3) | |||
| Somewhat Disagree | 856 (23.0) | 10.9 (7.3, 15.8) | 71.4 (65.3, 76.9) | 17.7 (14.6, 21.2) | |||
| Strongly Disagree | 880 (24.9) | 8.9 (5.9, 13.2) | 64.2 (58.3, 69.8) | 26.8 (21.9, 32.4) | |||
| Everything causes cancer | |||||||
| Strongly Agree | 582 (16.6) | 10.5 (6.8, 15.6) | 70.9 (63.2, 77.5) | 18.6 (13.4, 25.3) | p=0.03 | ||
| Somewhat Agree | 1,406 (37.4) | 10.7 (8.3, 13.8) | 70.7 (66.4, 74.7) | 18.5 (15.7, 21.7) | |||
| Somewhat Disagree | 849 (22.4) | 10.0 (7.8, 12.8) | 69.0 (63.1, 74.3) | 21.0 (16.0, 27.1) | |||
| Strongly Disagree | 767 (20.3) | 13.4 (8.6, 20.2) | 57.4 (50.6, 63.9) | 29.2 (23.2, 36.0) | |||
| Cancer prevention is not possible | |||||||
| Strongly Agree | 211 (7.3) | 15.7g (6.3, 33.9) | 52.2 (39.7, 64.5) | 32.1 (19.9, 47.3) | p=0.06 | ||
| Somewhat Agree | 689 (18.4) | 8.4 (6.1, 11.6) | 66.6 (60.0, 72.6) | 24.9 (19.3, 31.6) | |||
| Somewhat Disagree | 1,497 (41.0) | 9.6 (7.5, 12.1) | 70.1 (65.5, 74.4) | 20.3 (19.9, 24.2) | |||
| Strongly Disagree | 1,217 (30.4) | 13.5 (10.2, 17.7) | 68.1 (64.6, 70.2) | 18.4 (19.3, 23.9) | |||
| Cancer prevention recommendations are hard to follow | |||||||
| Strongly Agree | 1,191 (31.3) | 9.1 (6.8, 12.1) | 68.6 (63.8, 73.0) | 22.2 (18.7, 26.3) | p=0.66 | ||
| Somewhat Agree | 1,619 (42.4) | 11.7 (9.3, 14.7) | 66.6 (63.0, 70.1) | 21.6 (18.8, 24.8) | |||
| Somewhat Disagree | 526 (14.8) | 10.8 (8.2, 13.9) | 69.1 (61.5, 75.8) | 20.1 (14.8, 26.7) | |||
| Strongly Disagree | 308 (9.5) | 13.9g (6.8, 26.2) | 61.2 (46.7, 73.9) | 24.9 (16.4, 35.9) | |||
Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05)
Abbreviations: CI - confidence interval
Current tobacco use is defined as smoking at least 100 cigarettes, 50 cigars, or use of 20 smokeless products in a lifetime and now using cigarettes, cigars, and/or smokeless products some or every day.
Ever use of smokeless tobacco is defined as using chewing tobacco, snus, snuff, or dip at least 20 times in a lifetime.
An urban county was a county in a metro area or a non-metro county with a population size greater than 2,500. A rural county is a non-metro county that is completely rural or less than 2,500 in population size.
Respondents were asked about how addictive they believed smokeless tobacco use is with response options as follows: “Not at all addictive,” Moderately addictive,” “Very addictive,” and “Don't know.”
Information seeking was assessed by asking respondents “Have you ever looked for any of the following information about tobacco products (e.g. cigarettes, cigars, or chewing tobacco) from any source?” Respondents were able to select all response options that applied. The proportion responding “Yes” to each of the response options is presented.
Respondents were asked how much they agree or disagree with four statements regarding their cancer beliefs including: (1)“Cancer is most often caused by a person's behavior or lifestyle;” (2)“It seems like everything causes cancer;” (3) “There's not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer;” (4) “There are so many different recommendations about preventing cancer, it's hard to know which ones to follow.
Estimates are flagged because the relative standard error is greater than 30%.
Estimates are suppressed because the denominator is less than 50.