Table 2. Changes in the Perception that Smokeless Tobacco use is less harmful than cigarettes by Demographic Covariates: HINTS 2012, 2014, 2015.
| 2012 | 2014 | 2015 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes, SLT less harmful Weighted % (95% CI) |
No, SLT not less harmful Weighted % (95% CI) |
Don't Know if SLT less harmful Weighted % (95% CI) |
Yes, SLT less harmful Weighted % (95% CI) |
No, SLT not less harmful Weighted % (95% CI) |
Don't Know if SLT less harmful Weighted % (95% CI) |
Yes, SLT less harmful Weighted % (95% CI) |
No, SLT not less harmful Weighted % (95% CI) |
Don't Know if SLT less harmful Weighted % (95% CI) |
p- valuea |
|
| Overall | 9.4 (7.7,11.5) | 73.5 (70.9,75.9) | 17.1 (15.1,19.4) | 12.0 (10.4,13.8) | 72.1 (69.6,74.4) | 15.9 (14.2,17.8) | 10.9 (9.4, 12.8) | 66.8 (63.9, 69.6) | 22.2 (20.0, 24.7) | 0.0001 |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 11.3 (8.3, 15.2) | 71.7 (67.2, 75.8) | 17.0 (13.5, 21.3) | 11.6 (9.4, 14.3) | 74.2 (70.7, 77.5) | 14.1 (11.3, 17.5) | 13.7 (11.0, 16.8) | 65.3 (60.8, 69.5) | 21.1 (17.6, 25.0) | 0.04 |
| Female | 7.3 (5.6, 9.5) | 76.6 (73.5, 79.5) | 16.1 (14.2, 18.1) | 12.1 (9.7, 14.9) | 71.2 (67.4, 74.6) | 16.8 (14.3, 19.5) | 8.7 (6.8, 11.1) | 69.5 (66.0, 72.7) | 21.8 (18.9, 24.9) | 0.0005 |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| 18-34 | 9.1 (5.6, 14.5) | 77.7 (69.4, 84.2) | 13.2 (8.3, 20.2) | 11.8 (8.0, 169) | 74.8 (68.6, 80.0) | 13.4 (9.7, 18.4) | 9.5 (5.8, 15.2) | 72.6 (65.5, 78.7) | 17.9 (12.4, 25.1) | 0.62 |
| 35-49 | 11.5 (8.9, 14.8) | 73.3 (70.2, 76.1) | 15.2 (12.9, 17.8) | 11.0 (8.7, 13.9) | 72.1 (67.4, 76.4) | 16.8 (13.1, 21.3) | 13.4 (9.5, 18.7) | 63.7 (58.6, 68.6) | 22.8 (18.3, 28.1) | 0.03 |
| 50-64 | 9.2 (7.4, 11.4) | 75.3 (71.7, 78.6) | 15.5 (13.1, 18.3) | 12.5 (10.4, 15.0) | 73.0 (68.9, 76.7) | 14.5 (11.7, 17.7) | 11.8 (9.7, 14.2) | 68.3 (64.5, 71.8) | 19.9 (16.7, 23.7) | 0.01 |
| 65+ | 6.8 (4.9, 9.3) | 65.6 (62.3, 68.7) | 27.6 (24.6, 30.9) | 12.1 (9.5, 15.2) | 68.0 (63.8, 71.9) | 20.0 (16.9, 23.4) | 10.0 (8.3, 12.0) | 60.4 (56.7, 63.9) | 29.6 (26.3, 33.2) | 0.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White, Not Hispanic | 9.1 (7.3, 11.3) | 79.1 (76.7, 81.3) | 11.8 (10.2, 13.6) | 10.5 (8.6, 12.8) | 78.3 (75.3, 81.1) | 11.1 (9.0, 13.7) | 10.5 (8.6, 12.9) | 73.5 (70.5, 76.4) | 15.9 (14.1, 17.8) | 0.01 |
| Black, Not Hispanic | 4.9 (3.0, 7.9) | 69.1 (60.9, 76.3) | 25.9 (18.9, 34.6) | 18.8 (12.6, 27.2) | 53.6 (44.5, 62.5) | 27.5 (19.3, 37.7) | 10.0c (4.5, 21.0) | 63.0 (51.6, 73.2) | 26.9 (18.2, 37.9) | 0.04 |
| Hispanic | 12.5 (7.7, 19.5) | 63.2 (56.2, 69.7) | 24.3 (19.0, 30.5) | 13.6 (9.7, 18.8) | 63.9 (57.6, 69.7) | 22.5 (18.1, 27.8) | 11.4 (7.7, 16.5) | 53.2 (46.7, 59.5) | 35.4 (29.8, 41.4) | 0.04 |
| Multiple Races or Other | 10.7c (5.2, 20.4) | 58.8 (43.7, 72.5) | 30.5 (18.0, 46.6) | 9.9 (5.9, 16.2) | 70.5 (62.0, 77.8) | 19.5 (14.1, 26.4) | 13.8 (8.5, 21.7) | 57.9 (46.7, 68.4) | 28.3 (19.7, 38.7) | 0.42 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Less than high school | 13.3 (8.3, 20.8) | 63.5 (55.4, 70.8) | 23.2 (16.6, 31.3) | 16.9 (10.8, 25.7) | 60.2 (50.4, 69.2) | 22.9 (16.7, 30.4) | 8.2c (4.2, 15.5) | 58.9 (48.4, 68.6) | 32.9 (24.1, 43.1) | 0.19 |
| High school graduate | 8.3 (5.1, 13.3) | 73.6 (68.3, 78.3) | 18.1 (13.9, 23.1) | 11.5 (8.6, 15.1) | 70.9 P(65.3, 76.1) | 17.6 (13.7, 22.3) | 9.0 (5.5, 14.4) | 66.1 (58.1, 73.3) | 24.9 (19.5, 31.3) | 0.19 |
| Vocational or Some College | 9.5 (6.6, 13.3) | 74.7 (69.4, 79.3) | 15.8 (12.5, 19.9) | 10.8 (7.5, 15.2) | 77.0 (72.6, 80.9) | 12.2 (9.5, 15.4) | 10.4 (7.2, 14.8) | 70.7 (65.0, 75.9) | 18.8 (15.0, 23.3) | 0.25 |
| College Graduate or PostGraduate | 8.5 (6.5, 10.9) | 76.5 (72.4, 80.2) | 15.0 (12.2, 18.4) | (9.0, 14.3) | 73.1 (69.4, 76.5) | 15.5 (12.4, 19.2) | 13.8 (11.5, 16.3) | 66.1 (61.9, 70.1) | 20.1 (16.6, 24.1) | 0.005 |
| Household Income | ||||||||||
| <$35,000 | 7.4 (5.7, 9.6) | 72.8 (66.4, 78.4) | 19.8 1 (14.8, 25.9) | 15.0 (11.6, 19.3) | 65.0 (60.4, 69.3) | 19.9 (15.8, 24.9) | 10.5 (7.2, 15.1) | 61.0 (55.4, 66.3) | 28.5 (24.2, 33.3) | 0.002 |
| $35,000 to $74,999 | 10.5 (7.2, 15.2) | 75.8 (71.5, 79.7) | 13.6 (11.3, 16.3) | 10.6 (7.8, 14.2) | 74.8 (70.3, 78.9) | 14.6 (12.0, 17.6) | 8.9 (7.0, 11.4) | 73.0 (69.1, 76.5) | 18.1 (14.7, 21.9) | 0.39 |
| $75,000 or more | 10.5 (7.2, 15.1) | 74.8 (69.4, 79.6) | 14.7 (11.3, 18.8) | 10.2 (7.8, 13.0) | 78.0 (73.6, 81.9) | 11.8 (8.9, 15.5) | 13.2 (10.4, 16.5) | 70.1 (65.1, 74.8) | 16.7 (13.3, 20.6) | 0.15 |
| Residence Typeb | ||||||||||
| Urban county | 9.4 (7.6, 11.5) | 73.3 (70.6, 75.8) | 17.3 (15.2, 19.6) | 12.1 (10.5, 13.9) | 72.1 (69.7, 74.5) | 15.8 (14.0, 17.7) | 10.9 (9.3, 12.8) | 66.7 (63.7, 69.5) | 22.4 (20.1, 24.9) | 0.0001 |
| Rural county | 9.8c (3.2, 26.3) | 81.3 (66.8, 90.3) | 9.0c (4.1, 18.7)1 | 8.9c (3.0, 23.5) | 67.7 (49.6, 81.7) | 23.4c (11.5, 41.8) | 13.9c (5.8, 30.0) | 72.6 (54.6, 85.4) | 13.4c (6.2, 26.9) | 0.40 |
Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05)
Abbreviations: CI - confidence interval
a
A p-value less than 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference between smokeless tobacco use harm perceptions between years within each demographic group, estimated based on a χ2 test of association weighted for the survey design.
b
An urban county was a county in a metro area or a non-metro county with a population size greater than 2,500. A rural county is a non -metro county that is completely rural or less than 2,500 in population size.
c
Estimates are flagged because the relative standard error is greater than 30%.