Table 3.
Risk of bias within studies according to reviewers.
| First author, year, reference | Random sequence generation |
Allocation concealment |
Blinding of participants and personnel |
Blinding of outcome assessment |
Incomplete outcome data |
Selective reporting |
Other bias |
| Andersson, 2003 [48] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High | Unclear | Low |
| Bossen, 2013 [49] | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Low | Low |
| Buhrman, 2004 [50] | Low | Unclear | High | High | Low | Low | Low |
| Carpenter, 2012 [51] | Low | Unclear | High | High | High | Low | Low |
| Chiauzzi, 2010 [52] | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Dear, 2013 [53] | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | Low | Low | Low |
| Dear, 2015 [54] | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Low | Low |
| Krein, 2013 [55] | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Low | Low |
| Kristjánsdóttir, 2013 [46,47] | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Low | Low |
| Leveille, 2009 [56] | Unclear | Low | High | High | High | Low | Low |
| Lorig, 2006 [57] | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | High | Low | Low |
| Lorig, 2008 [58] | Unclear | Low | High | High | High | Low | Low |
| Martorella, 2012 [62] | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Low | Low |
| Moessner, 2012 [59] | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
| Moessner, 2014 [39] | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
| Shigaki, 2013 [60] | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | High | Low | Unclear |
| Ström, 2000 [61] | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | High | Unclear | Low |