Table 3.

Multivariate regression analysis

Independent variables	CANHELP Total	Characteristics of doctors and nurses	Illness management	Health services characteristics	Communication and decision making	Relationships with others	Spirituality and meaning
Care setting (ref = palliative)
ECU	−0.10	−0.15	0.04	−0.13	−0.21	−0.06	0.00
ICU	0.11	0.06	0.32	0.08	0.19	0.06	−0.35
MCU	−0.33*	−0.39*	−0.30*	−0.39*	−0.43*	−0.08	−0.27*
Care recipient characteristics
Age (years)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
Gender (ref = male)	0.02	0.00	−0.05	0.05	0.04	0.11	0.02
Diagnosis (cancer versus not)a	0.02	0.04	0.10	0.19	−0.07	0.02	−0.07
Family member characteristics
Age (years)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01*	0.00
Gender (ref = male)	−0.10	−0.14	−0.15	−0.03	−0.19*	0.06	0.10
Employment statusa	−0.12	−0.07	−0.14	−0.29*	−0.10	−0.09	−0.12
Relationship to patient
Husband/wife (ref = ‘other’)	−0.01	−0.07	0.09	0.19	−0.01	−0.14	−0.10
Parent/parent in law (ref = ‘other’)	−0.09	−0.03	0.02	0.04	−0.22	−0.22	−0.09
Provided carea	0.14	0.14	0.13	0.08	0.24*	−0.02	0.09
Lived with care recipienta	−0.10	0.03	−0.08	0.03	−0.20	−0.31*	−0.02
Psychological variables of family members
Optimism (possible range of 0 to 4)	0.09	0.05	0.15*	0.03	0.03	0.11	0.23*
Resilience (possible range of 1 to 7)	0.21*	0.20*	0.18*	0.14*	0.22*	0.25*	0.27*
Grief (possible range of 1 to 6)	0.01	−0.03	−0.03	0.01	0.00	0.11*	0.11*
R-square	18.90%	11.80%	14.10%	16.20%	15.30%	27.80%	19.50%

Note. Unstandardized regression coefficients. ^ayes versus no (referent). *p < .05 (bolded values)