Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses of RFS in 329 patients with NMIBC
| Variable | Univariate
|
Multivariate
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1 (reference) | 0.827 | ||
| Female | 1.049 (0.685–1.606) | |||
| Age (years) | ||||
| <50 | 1 (reference) | 0.004 | 1.000 (reference) | 0.039 |
| ≥50 | 2.562 (1.342–4.891) | 2.007 (1.036–3.885) | ||
| History of smoking | ||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 0.833 | ||
| Yes | 1.043 (0.705–1.544) | |||
| Symptoms | ||||
| Positive | 1 (reference) | 0.238 | ||
| Negative | 0.758 (0.478–1.201) | |||
| Tumor focality | ||||
| Unifocal | 1 (reference) | 0.013 | 1.000 (reference) | 0.030 |
| Multifocal | 1.564 (1.100–2.224) | 1.484 (1.039–2.119) | ||
| Tumor size (cm) | ||||
| ≤1 | 1 (reference) | |||
| 1–3 | 1.835 (1.024–3.291) | 0.041 | ||
| ≥3 | 2.477 (1.373–4.466) | 0.003 | ||
| Tumor grade | ||||
| G1 | 1 (reference) | 1.000 (reference) | ||
| G2 | 3.165 (1.455–6.885) | 0.004 | 2.603 (1.186–5.713) | 0.017 |
| G3 | 6.030 (2.727–13.336) | <0.001 | 2.933 (1.228–7.003) | 0.015 |
| Tumor stage | ||||
| pTa | 1 (reference) | <0.001 | 1.000 (reference) | 0.016 |
| pT1 | 2.563 (1.784–3.682) | 1.737 (1.108–2.724) | ||
| PNI | ||||
| <52.57 | 1 (reference) | <0.001 | 1.000 (reference) | 0.007 |
| ≥52.57 | 0.510 (0.354–0.733) | 0.598 (0.410–0.870) | ||
Abbreviations: RFS, recurrence-free survival; NMIBC, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; PNI, prognostic nutritional index.