Fig. 2.

Closest sister groups of cone snails endemic to Cabo Verde based on mt genomes (concatenated protein coding plus rRNA genes analyzed at the nucleotide level). The reconstructed ML tree using C. ermineus as outgroup is shown. Number of specimen, initial species assignment, and a ventral picture of the shell are provided. Numbers at nodes are statistical support values for ML (bootstrap proportions)/BI (posterior probabilities). Scale bar indicates substitutions/site. Two major clades are recovered: the first one includes Kalloconus from Western Africa (purple) and Trovaoconus from Cabo Verde (green) whereas the second one includes Lautoconus from the Mediterranean Sea (and neighboring Atlantic Ocean¹; orange), Lautoconus from Senegal (and L. guanche from Canary Islands²; red), and Africonus (blue) from Cabo Verde. Lineages within Africonus are expanded in Fig. 3. The “robust” type of radular tooth is shown as the ancestral character state for the second clade (scale bar equals 0.1 mm; see diversity of radular teeth of the first clade in Additional file 1). The two transitions from planktonic to non-planktonic larvae are indicated by a sac of eggs