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. 2017 Nov 25;15:238. doi: 10.1186/s12967-017-1342-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 6 — A model of the PTHLH/PTH1R-ATF2 negative-feedback loop. PTHLH/PTH1R signaling activated the expression and transcriptional activity of ATF2 via the ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways to promoted ICC cell growth, and ATF2 positively regulated CyclinD1 expression and negatively regulated PTHLH expression. Treatment with ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathway inhibitors abolished ATF2 transcriptional activity