Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants [N (%)]
| Variable | Urban elderly (N = 1322) | Migrant elderly (N = 1248) | χ 2 or t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 10.662 | 0.001 | ||
| Male | 530 (40.1) | 580 (46.5) | ||
| Female | 792 (59.9) | 668 (53.5) | ||
| Age | 211.459 | 0.000 | ||
| 60–69 | 748 (56.6) | 1007 (80.7) | ||
| 70–79 | 356 (26.9) | 208 (16.7) | ||
| 80– | 218 (16.5) | 33 (2.6) | ||
| Marital status | 23.352 | 0.000 | ||
| Married | 1015 (77.6) | 1031 (82.6) | ||
| Widowed | 264 (20.2) | 170 (13.6) | ||
| Other | 29 (2.2) | 47 (3.8) | ||
| Education level | 56.321 | 0.000 | ||
| Illiteracy | 350 (26.6) | 193 (15.5) | ||
| Primary school | 357 (27.1) | 341 (27.3) | ||
| Junior high school | 337 (25.6) | 354 (28.4) | ||
| Senior high school and high | 273 (20.7) | 360 (28.8) | ||
| Annual household income (RMB) | 124.191 | 0.000 | ||
| 0–24,999 | 294 (22.2) | 406 (32.5) | ||
| 25,000–49,999 | 356 (26.9) | 474 (38.0) | ||
| 50,000–74,999 | 457 (34.6) | 231 (18.5) | ||
| 75,000– | 215 (16.3) | 137 (11.0) | ||
| Living arrangement | 255.741 | 0.000 | ||
| Living with family member | 908 (68.7) | 1141 (93.8) | ||
| Living alone | 414 (31.3) | 76 (6.2) | ||
| Religious faith | 0.050 | 0.823 | ||
| Having | 376 (28.4) | 350 (28.0) | ||
| Not having | 946 (71.6) | 898 (72.0) | ||
| Physical function (mean ± SD) | 81.7 ± 21.1 | 89.0 ± 16.7 | −9.811 | 0.000 |
| Generalized trust | 4.990 | 0.025 | ||
| Low | 910 (69.0) | 911 (73.0) | ||
| High | 409 (31.0) | 337 (27.0) | ||
| Reciprocity | 7.905 | 0.005 | ||
| Low (less than the mean) | 572 (43.3) | 609 (48.8) | ||
| High (above the mean) | 750 (56.7) | 639 (51.2) | ||
| Support from individual | 42.756 | 0.000 | ||
| Low (sum score = 0) | 378 (28.6) | 510 (40.9) | ||
| High (sum score ≥1) | 944 (71.4) | 738 (59.1) | ||
| Social contact | 189.145 | 0.000 | ||
| Low (less than once a week) | 563 (42.6) | 868 (69.6) | ||
| High (at least once a week) | 759 (57.4) | 380 (30.4) | ||
| Depression | 13.225 | 0.000 | ||
| No depression (0–10) | 995 (75.3) | 859 (68.8) | ||
| Mild-to-severe depression (11–30) | 327 (24.7) | 389 (31.2) |