Table 2. Change in muscle tone, stiffness of affected respiratory muscles and chest expansion in each group.
| Region | Variable | Group | Pre | Post |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sternocleidomastoid muscle | Muscle tone (Hz) | Ribcage joint mobilization | 12.9 ± 0.2 | 13.4 ± 0.3 |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 13.2 ± 0.4 | 13.5 ± 0.4 | ||
| Stiffness (N/m) | Ribcage joint mobilization | 219.1 ± 3.1 | 229.6 ± 6.3 | |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 236.7 ± 8.0 | 243.4 ± 10.1 | ||
| Ractus abdominis muscle | Muscle tone (Hz) | Ribcage joint mobilization | 11.5 ± 0.3 | 12.1 ± 0.5 |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 12.5 ± 0.5 | 12.9 ± 0.4 | ||
| Stiffness (N/m) | Ribcage joint mobilization | 210.8 ± 6.7 | 221.7 ± 9.8 | |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 231.9 ± 7.8 | 240.9 ± 8.9 | ||
| External oblique abdominal muscle | Muscle tone (Hz) | Ribcage joint mobilization | 12.7 ± 0.5 | 13.2 ± 0.6 |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 12.4 ± 0.3 | 12.7 ± 0.3 | ||
| Stiffness (N/m) | Ribcage joint mobilization | 231.8 ± 10.7 | 236.9 ± 12.7 | |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 227.8 ± 6.4 | 230.1 ± 7.2 | ||
| Upper trapezius muscle | Muscle tone (Hz) | Ribcage joint mobilization | 14.2 ± 0.8 | 15.2 ± 0.8 |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 13.2 ± 0.5 | 13.9 ± 0.5 | ||
| Stiffness (N/m) | Ribcage joint mobilization | 256.4 ± 11.1 | 295.9 ± 23.3 | |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 230.9 ± 8.8 | 242.6 ± 11.5 | ||
| Latissimus dorsi muscle | Muscle tone (Hz) | Ribcage joint mobilization | 14.1 ± 0.7 | 14.3 ± 0.6 |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 13.4 ± 0.4 | 13.9 ± 0.4 | ||
| Stiffness (N/m) | Ribcage joint mobilization | 268.7 ± 16.1 | 280.8 ± 22.6 | |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 247.6 ± 8.9 | 251.7 ± 8.8 | ||
| Upper chest expansion | Ribcage joint mobilization | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2* | |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2* | ||
| Lower chest expansion | Ribcage joint mobilization | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.3* | |
| Chest wall stretch exercise | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2* | ||
Values are means ± standard error. *Significant difference between before and after intervention in each group (p<0.05)