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. 2017 Nov 24;29(11):1960–1963. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1960

Table 2. Change in muscle tone, stiffness of affected respiratory muscles and chest expansion in each group.

Region Variable Group Pre Post
Sternocleidomastoid muscle Muscle tone (Hz) Ribcage joint mobilization 12.9 ± 0.2 13.4 ± 0.3
Chest wall stretch exercise 13.2 ± 0.4 13.5 ± 0.4

Stiffness (N/m) Ribcage joint mobilization 219.1 ± 3.1 229.6 ± 6.3
Chest wall stretch exercise 236.7 ± 8.0 243.4 ± 10.1

Ractus abdominis muscle Muscle tone (Hz) Ribcage joint mobilization 11.5 ± 0.3 12.1 ± 0.5
Chest wall stretch exercise 12.5 ± 0.5 12.9 ± 0.4

Stiffness (N/m) Ribcage joint mobilization 210.8 ± 6.7 221.7 ± 9.8
Chest wall stretch exercise 231.9 ± 7.8 240.9 ± 8.9

External oblique abdominal muscle Muscle tone (Hz) Ribcage joint mobilization 12.7 ± 0.5 13.2 ± 0.6
Chest wall stretch exercise 12.4 ± 0.3 12.7 ± 0.3

Stiffness (N/m) Ribcage joint mobilization 231.8 ± 10.7 236.9 ± 12.7
Chest wall stretch exercise 227.8 ± 6.4 230.1 ± 7.2

Upper trapezius muscle Muscle tone (Hz) Ribcage joint mobilization 14.2 ± 0.8 15.2 ± 0.8
Chest wall stretch exercise 13.2 ± 0.5 13.9 ± 0.5

Stiffness (N/m) Ribcage joint mobilization 256.4 ± 11.1 295.9 ± 23.3
Chest wall stretch exercise 230.9 ± 8.8 242.6 ± 11.5

Latissimus dorsi muscle Muscle tone (Hz) Ribcage joint mobilization 14.1 ± 0.7 14.3 ± 0.6
Chest wall stretch exercise 13.4 ± 0.4 13.9 ± 0.4

Stiffness (N/m) Ribcage joint mobilization 268.7 ± 16.1 280.8 ± 22.6
Chest wall stretch exercise 247.6 ± 8.9 251.7 ± 8.8

Upper chest expansion Ribcage joint mobilization 1.3 ± 0.2 1.8 ± 0.2*
Chest wall stretch exercise 1.2 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.2*

Lower chest expansion Ribcage joint mobilization 2.2 ± 0.3 2.7 ± 0.3*
Chest wall stretch exercise 1.8 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.2*

Values are means ± standard error. *Significant difference between before and after intervention in each group (p<0.05)