Table 3.
Final parameter estimates
| Parameter | Unit | Typical value | RSE, % | IIV, % | RSE, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose baseline | |||||
| Dog | mM | 5.3 | 1 | 3.3 | 44 |
| Human | mM | 4.9 | 2 | 8.2 | 21 |
| Mouse | mM | 7.4 | 3 | 9.4 | 32 |
| Pig | mM | 5.1 | 4 | 12.2 | 49 |
| Rat | mM | 6.3 | 4 | 14.6 | 44 |
| Insulin baseline | |||||
| Dog | pM | 50.4 | 10 | 31.8 | 40 |
| Human | pM | 39.2 | 14 | 66.5 | 17 |
| Mouse | pM | 188.2 | 11 | 28.8 | 50 |
| Pig | pM | 15.1 | 13 | 30.1 | 96 |
| Rat | pM | 184.7 | 13 | 47 | 39 |
| Insulin | |||||
| CLI | L/min | 1.22 | – | 29 | – |
| VI | L | 6.09 | – | 41 | – |
| IFPS | mU | 704 | – | 67 | – |
| kIS | min−1 | 0.384 | – | – | – |
| kIE | min−1 | 0.0213 | – | 58 | – |
| IPRG | – | 1.42 | – | 35 | – |
| Glucose | |||||
| VG | L | 9.33 | – | 30 | – |
| VP | L | 8.56 | – | 30 | – |
| CLGI | (L/min)/(mU/L) | 0.00829 | – | 53 | – |
| CLG | L/min | 0.0894 | – | 59 | – |
| Q | L/min | 0.442 | – | 85 | – |
| kGE1 | min−1 | 0.0573 | – | – | – |
| kGE2 | min−1 | 0.0289 | – | 85 | – |
| GPRG | – | −2.79 | – | – | – |
| Species specific | |||||
| kis, Dog | min−1 | 0.0931 | 23 | – | – |
| kIS, Pig | min−1 | 0.0845 | 16 | – | – |
| CLG factorrodent | – | 1.66 | 16 | ||
| CLGI factorrodent | – | 0.28 | 18 | ||
| CLGI, Pig | L/min/(mU/L) | 0.0078 | 12 | 53 | – |
| Correlations | |||||
| CorrVG‐Q | – | −0.75 | – | – | – |
| CorrVG‐VI | – | 0.71 | – | – | – |
| CorrQ‐VI | – | −0.35 | – | – | – |
| Residual error insulin | |||||
| Dog | % | 34 | 19 | – | – |
| Human | % | 26 | 9 | – | – |
| Mouse | % | 52 | 11 | – | – |
| Pig | % | 60 | 12 | – | – |
| Rat | % | 28.4 | 9 | – | – |
| Residual error glucose | |||||
| Dog | % | 5 | 14 | – | – |
| Human | % | 4 | 6 | – | – |
| Mouse | % | 11 | 6 | – | – |
| Pig | % | 7 | 15 | – | – |
| Rat | % | 8 | 11 | – | – |
| Early residual error a | |||||
| Dog | – | 1.24 | 72 | – | – |
| Human | – | 3.6 | 10 | – | – |
| Mouse | – | 1.35 | 12 | – | – |
| Rat | – | 0.4 | 14 | – | – |
Parameters: bCL, allometric exponent for clearances; bV, glu, allometric exponent for glucose volumes; bV, ins, allometric exponent for insulin volume; bK, allometric exponent for rate constants; CLGI, insulin‐dependent glucose clearance; CLG, insulin‐independent glucose; CLI, insulin clearance; GPRG, shape of glucose inhibition on glucose production; IFPS, insulin first‐phase secretion; IIV, interindividual variability in percent; IPRG, shape of glucose stimulation of insulin secretion; kGE1, rate constant for the glucose effect compartment of glucose inhibition on glucose production; kGE2, rate constant for the glucose effect compartment of glucose stimulation of insulin secretion; kIE, rate constant for insulin effect on glucose clearance; kIS, rate constant for first phase secretion; Q, inter‐compartmental clearance; RSE, relative standard error; VG, central volume of glucose distribution; VI, insulin volume; VP, peripheral volume of glucose distribution.
Estimated parameters are in bold, other parameters are fixed to the human values obtained by Silber et al.4
Multiplying factor for a time‐varying difference in the residual error between early (0–2 minutes) and late (>2 minutes) time‐points as described by Silber et al.4