Table 2.
Adjusted Association Between Risk Factors and Travel Distance for Pancreatectomy among Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Who Received Pancreatectomy as First Course of Treatment by Travel Distance, National Cancer Database 2004 to 2013 (N = 44,476)
| Variable, level | Percentage change (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|
| Intercept, miles | 12.4 (11.5 to 13.4) | <0.0001 |
| Age (reference, 18 to 44 y) | ||
| 45 to 54 y | −9.8 (−17.0 to −2.6) | 0.007 |
| 55 to 64 y | −13.5 (−20.5 to −6.6) | 0.0001 |
| 65 to 74 y | −15.5 (−22.8 to −8.2) | <0.0001 |
| 75 to 84 y | −26.4 (−33.9 to −18.9) | <0.0001 |
| 85+ y | −33.6 (−43.8 to −23.5) | <0.0001 |
| Sex, female (reference, male) | −3.7 (−5.8 to −1.5) | 0.0008 |
| Race (reference, non-Hispanic white) | ||
| Asian | −32.2 (−40.2 to −24.3) | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic | −23.1 (−28.3 to −17.8) | <0.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | −46.2 (−49.9 to −42.5) | <0.0001 |
| Other | 14.2 (−4.7 to 33.2) | 0.14 |
| Insurance status (reference, private insurance) | ||
| Medicare | −3.2 (−6.4 to 0.1) | 0.06 |
| Medicaid | −25.3 (−30.8 to −19.7) | <0.0001 |
| Other government | 15.4 (4.8 to 26.1) | 0.005 |
| Not insured | −18.4 (−25.4 to −11.4) | <0.0001 |
| Charlson-Deyo score (reference, 0) | ||
| 1 | −6.1 (−8.6 to −3.6) | <0.0001 |
| 2 or more | −12.6 (−16.7 to −8.5) | <0.0001 |
| American Joint Committee on Cancer analytic stage (reference, stage II) | ||
| 0 | 19.5 (13.2 to 25.8) | <0.0001 |
| I | −1.9 (−4.8 to 1.1) | 0.21 |
| III | −14.0 (−20.5 to −7.5) | <0.0001 |
| IV | −10.2 (−15.2 to −5.1) | <0.0001 |
| Extent of pancreatectomy, total/Whipple (reference, distal pancreatectomy) | 8.3 (5.6 to 11.0) | <0.0001 |
| No high school degree in patient’s ZIP code area to 2008 to 2012 (reference, <7.0%) | ||
| 7.0% to 12.9% | 3.4 (0.5 to 6.2) | 0.02 |
| 13% to 20% | −1.1 (−4.3 to 2.0) | 0.47 |
| ≥21% | −12.9 (−16.6 to −9.2) | <0.0001 |
| Rurality of patient’s county of residence (reference, metro area, ≥1 million population) | ||
| Metro area, <1 million | 58.6 (56.1 to 61.1) | <0.0001 |
| Non-metro, next to metro | 141.6 (138.0 to 145.2) | <0.0001 |
| Non-metro, not next to metro | 190.8 (185.9 to 195.7) | <0.0001 |
| Location of reporting facility (reference, Northeast) | ||
| Midwest | 13.6 (10.4 to 16.8) | <0.0001 |
| South | 36.3 (33.3 to 39.3) | <0.0001 |
| West | 15.5 (11.9 to 19.2) | <0.0001 |
| Class of case, diagnosed elsewhere (reference, diagnosed at reporting facility or affiliated physician office) | 49.1 (46.5 to 51.7) | <0.0001 |