Figure 1.

Structure of (A) HGF and (B) Met. (C) Downstream signaling pathway of HGF-Met signal. HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; R, arginine; V, valine; S-S, disulfide bond; SEMA, semaphorin; PSI, plexin, semaphorin, integrin cysteine-rich domain; IPT, immunoglobulin-like regions in plexins and transcription factors; Gab1, Grb2-associated protein 1; shp2, Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2; Grb2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; Stat3, signal transducer and activation of transcription-3; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Cdc42, cell division control protein 42 homolog; Raf1, Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase; Rac1, Rac family small GTPase 1; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases.