TABLE 1.
Differences in Variables by Groupa
| Variable | Pain Group (n = 16)b | Pain-free Group (n = 68)b | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 11.9 (12.4) ± 1.7 | 11.4 (11.5) ± 1.4 | .192 |
| Height, cmc | 161.7 (160.2) ± 12.3 | 148.2 (149.9) ± 11.4 | .001d |
| Weight, kgc | 51.5 (51.8) ± 17.7 | 40.5 (39.4) ± 10.8 | .018d |
| dTROM, deg | –0.5 (–1.0) ± 9.9 | –0.6 (–0.3) ± 7.9 | .964 |
| Glenohumeral IR difference, deg | –9.1 (–8.7) ± 6.9 | –5.2 (–4.7) ± 6.8 | .041d |
| Glenohumeral ER difference, deg | 8.5 (7.3) ± 8.1 | 4.5 (3.6) ± 7.8 | .069 |
| Dominant HRT, deg | 72.7 (70.1) ± 11.9 | 75.8 (76.5) ± 11.2 | .329 |
| Nondominant HRT, deg | 60.4 (59.9) ± 11.0 | 68.1 (66.9) ± 13.1 | .033d |
| dHRT, degc | 12.3 (10.9) ± 6.9 | 7.6 (8.8) ± 9.8 | .030d |
| ER/IR strength | 0.92 (0.92) ± 0.11 | 0.94 (0.95) ± 0.2 | .682 |
| Pitch velocity, mph | 55.4 (56.8) ± 9.5 | 50.1 (50.0) ± 6.9 | .012d |
| Months per year of baseballc | 10 (10) ± 1.9 | 8.9 (9) ± 1.9 | .040d |
| No. of pitcherse | 13 | 55 | .843 |
adHRT, side-to-side difference in HRT; dTROM, side-to-side difference in total range of motion; ER, external rotation; HRT, humeral retrotorsion; IR, internal rotation.
bValues expressed as mean (median) ± SD, except No. of pitchers.
cNonmormally distributed, analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test.
dStatistically significant, P < .05.
eChi-square test.