Table 2.
Healthcare Characteristics of the Study Cohort by Racial Group
| Black (n=91) |
White (n=79) |
pa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Literacy | ||||||
| HealthLiTT T, M(SD) | 51.10 (8.49) | 59.59 (6.49) | <.001 | |||
| Healthcare Access | ||||||
| Current Insurance Benefits | <.001 | |||||
| SSI, SDI, or SS | 29.21 | 24.05 | ||||
| Medicaid | 34.83 | 11.39 | ||||
| Medicare | 16.85 | 31.64 | ||||
| Services from independent living center | 0.00 | 1.27 | ||||
| Other (including private) | 19.10 | 31.65 | ||||
| Degree of choice of medical care | .66 | |||||
| A great deal of choice | 64.04 | 68.83 | ||||
| Some choice | 22.47 | 16.88 | ||||
| Very little choice | 13.48 | 14.29 | ||||
| Did not seek care for medical problem (Past 12 months) | 17.98 | 28.57 | .11 | |||
| Needed care but couldn’t afford it (Past 12 month) | 47.19 | 35.06 | .11 | |||
| Healthcare Use | ||||||
| Time since last contact with doctor | .12 | |||||
| Less than 6 months | 96.59 | 89.61 | ||||
| 6 months - 2years | 3.41 | 10.39 | ||||
| Visit to doctor/clinic/ER (Past 12 month, Yes) | 98.88 | 94.81 | .18 | |||
| Has regular source of care (Yes) | 98.88 | 96.10 | .34 | |||
| Type of care | <.001 | |||||
| Private clinic | 49.44 | 81.82 | ||||
| Public clinic | 29.21 | 11.69 | ||||
| Emergency room | 3.37 | 2.60 | ||||
| Hospital outpatient department | 16.85 | 2.60 | ||||
| No regular | 0.00 | 1.30 | ||||
| Other | 1.12 | 0.00 | ||||
| Quality of Healthcare (Last doctor’s visit)b | ||||||
| Doctor listened to | .33 | |||||
| Everything you said | 87.64 | 80.52 | ||||
| Most of what you said | 11.25 | 15.58 | ||||
| Some of what you said | 1.12 | 3.90 | ||||
| Patient understood | .49 | |||||
| Some of what was said | 2.25 | 3.90 | ||||
| Most of what was said | 19.10 | 12.99 | ||||
| Everything that was said | 78.65 | 83.12 | ||||
| Patient had questions to discuss, but didn’t | 16.85 | 11.69 | .34 | |||
| Great deal of confidence in doctor (Yes) | 65.17 | 79.22 | .04 | |||
| Treated with great deal of respect and dignity (Yes) | 88.76 | 92.21 | .45 | |||
| Doctor involved you in decisions affecting your health | .22 | |||||
| Less than wanted | 8.99 | 3.90 | ||||
| Almost as much as wanted or more | 91.01 | 96.10 | ||||
| Time spent with doctor | .17 | |||||
| Less than wanted | 12.36 | 5.19 | ||||
| Almost as much as wanted or more | 87.64 | 94.81 | ||||
| Satisfaction with Healthcare (Past 2 years) | .07 | |||||
| Very dissatisfied | 2.25 | 5.19 | ||||
| Somewhat dissatisfied | 5.62 | 3.90 | ||||
| Somewhat satisfied | 31.46 | 15.58 | ||||
| Very satisfied | 60.67 | 75.32 |
Note. Values represent % unless otherwise noted.
a
Results from independent sample t-tests and Chi-Square tests (or Fisher’s Exact).
b
Quality of healthcare items concern the last doctor’s visit (i.e., “Last time you saw a doctor”). ER = Emergency room. SDI = State Disability. SS = Social Security. SSI = Supplemental Security Income.