Figure 2.

Proposed formation mechanism of tube-shaped NE invaginations. (a) Chromatin regions (i.e., LADs) build physical connections with the NE. These interactions are dynamically regulated by proteins of the nuclear lamina and chromatin binding partners. ONM: outer nuclear membrane; INM: inner nuclear membrane; NPCs: nuclear pore complexes. (b) During genomic translocations, LADs detach from the NE, move into the nucleus, and eventually bind to the nucleolar periphery. (c) Alternatively, if the connection between LADs and the NE is strong enough to withstand detachment, the NE might be pulled inward along with the LAD and form a tube-like invagination.