Table 3.

Regression of GPA Rank on Grandparents’ Wealth, Control Variables and Mediators.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
GPs’ net worth, rank	0.1183***	0.0776***†	0.0740***	0.0469***†	0.0437***	0.0437***	0.0451***	0.0457***
Ps’ net worth, rank		0.1665***	0.1371***†	0.1143***†	0.0986***†	0.0985***	0.0953***	0.0966***
Ps’ education value, rank				0.2894***	0.2273***	0.2272***	0.2078***	0.2084***
Ps’ occupation value, rank					0.0944***	0.0942***	0.0860***	0.0865***
Ps’ non-employment, rank					−0.004	−0.0039	−0.0087	−0.0079
Ps’ non-employment, rank squared					−0.0679***	−0.0676***	−0.0662***	−0.0665***
Ps’ income, rank						0.001	−0.0089*	−0.0080*
Fathers’ cog. ability, rank							0.0770***	0.0771***
Fathers’ non-cog. skills, rank							0.0324***	0.0326***
School: share first generation, rank								−0.0019
School: Ps’ education value, rank								−0.0018
School: average wealth, rank								−0.0116***
School: free school 0/1								−0.0066***
Gender, immigration, birth years, deaths	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Cousin fixed effect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
GP SESa	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
GP divorced/es	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
P divorced/es			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
# Individuals	1,010,584	1,010,584	1,010,584	1,010,584	1,010,584	1,010,584	1,010,584	1,010,584
# Cousin FE	448,931	448,931	448,931	448,931	448,931	448,931	448,931	448,931
Adjusted R2	0.0863	0.0944	0.1018	0.1241	0.1282	0.1282	0.1303	0.1304

^*Note: Statistical significance levels at p<.05,

^**p<.01,

^***p<.001 based on two-tailed tests, standard errors adjusted for clustering within patrilineal grandparents.

^†Coefficient statistically different from previous model with p <.05 (test only conducted for P and GP net worth). C = children, P = parents, GP = grandparents. Ranks are continuous and vary between 0 and 1.

^aGP SES contains square terms for education.