Table 1. Summary of results from modifying gRNAs in different applications compared to unmodified gRNAs.

A comparison of unmodified and modified gRNAs in different applications, from electroporations to lipid co-transfections, based on the results in this paper. N.d. = not determined, * some modification patterns can be toxic to cells.

Application	Editing efficiency
	Unmodified gRNA	Modified gRNA
Sequential electroporation with Cas9 mRNA	+++	n.d.
Co-electroporation with Cas9 mRNA	-	+++
Co-electroporation with Cas9 protein	++	++/+++
Transfection into Cas9-expressing cells	+++	+++*
Co-transfection with Cas9 mRNA	++	++/+++*
Co-transfection with Cas9 protein	++	++/+++*