Table 2. Frequency and mean (±SD) baseline clinical and metabolic characteristics of the studied cohort according to the life status.
| Variables | Diabetic patients without foot complications | Diabetic foot patients | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foot ulcer | Lower extrimities Amputation (LEA) | |||||||||
| Alive 750(89.3%) |
Deceased 90(10.7%) |
P value* | Alive 439(81.9%) |
Deceased 97(18.1%) |
P value* | Alive 206(67.8%) |
Deceased 98(32.2%) |
P value* | ||
| Mean Age (years) | 60.31(±11.99) | 68.87(±10.35) | <0.001 | 60.20(±11.38) | 66.22(±12.54) | <0.001 | 61.53(±10.41) | 66.85(±11.86) | <0.001 | |
| Age | 25–44 years | 44(5.87%) | 1(1.11%) | 0.001 | 21(4.78%) | 5(5.16%) | 0.186 | 6(2.91%) | 5(5.10%) | 0.494 |
| 45–64 years | 310(41.33%) | 23(25.56%) | 203(46.24%) | 35(36.08%) | 84(40.78%) | 35(35.71%) | ||||
| ≥65 years | 396(52.80%) | 66(73.33%) | 215(48.97%) | 57(58.76%) | 116(56.31%) | 58(59.18%) | ||||
| Gender | Men | 488(65.07%) | 66(73.33%) | 0.118 | 271(61.73%) | 74(76.29%) | 0.007 | 133(64.56%) | 76(77.55%) | 0.022 |
| Women | 262(34.93%) | 24(26.67%) | 168(38.27%) | 23(23.71%) | 73(35.44%) | 22(22.45%) | ||||
| Type of diabetes | Type 1 | 46(6.13%) | 2(2.22%) | 0.154 | 28(6.38%) | 7(7.22%) | 0.762 | 8(3.88%) | 3(3.06%) | 0.976 |
| Type2 | 704(93.87%) | 88(97.78%) | 411(93.62%) | 90(92.78%) | 198(96.12%) | 95(96.94%) | ||||
| Mean DM duration (years) | 17.93(±7.16) | 21.03(±6.99) | <0.001 | 19.08(±7.84) | 21.47(±7.26) | 0.006 | 20.37(±8.27) | 21.88(±7.84) | 0.132 | |
| DM duration | <10 years | 51(6.80%) | 3(3.33%) | 0.259 | 30(6.83%) | 2(2.06%) | 0.095 | 10(4.85%) | 4(4.08%) | 0.764 |
| ≥10 years | 699(93.20%) | 87(96.67%) | 409(93.17%) | 95(97.94%) | 196(95.15%) | 94(95.92%) | ||||
| Diabetes Treatment | Oral agents | 364(48.53%) | 41(45.56%) | 0.010 | 127(28.93%) | 31(31.96%) | 0.001 | 41(19.90)% | 20(20.41%) | 0.047 |
| Insulin only | 192(25.60%) | 36(40.00%) | 189(43.05%) | 58(59.79%) | 121(58.74%) | 68(69.39%) | ||||
| Both | 194(25.87%) | 13(14.44%) | 123(28.02%) | 8(8.25%) | 44(21.36%) | 10(10.20%) | ||||
| Mean Weight (kg) | 77.47(±15.31) | 73.22(±13.68) | 0.029 | 79.84(±16.40) | 72.20(±12.62) | <0.001 | 77.36(±17.10) | 74.71(±17.02) | 0.311 | |
| Mean Height (cm) | 161.09(±9.46) | 160.39(±9.58) | 0.586 | 161.84(±9.76) | 161.45(±10.61) | 0.763 | 161.32(±7.90) | 162.45(±7.47) | 0.373 | |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) | 29.96(±6.04) | 28.74(±5.60) | 0.134 | 30.37(±6.69) | 27.62(±5.04) | <0.001 | 29.68(±5.66) | 28.47(±5.65) | 0.206 | |
| BMI | <25 kg/m2 | 158(21.07%) | 25(27.78%) | 0.359 | 96(21.87%) | 30(30.93%) | 0.009 | 32(15.53%) | 21(21.43%) | 0.616 |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 264(35.20%) | 33(36.67%) | 143(32.57%) | 42(43.30%) | 93(45.15%) | 41(41.84%) | ||||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 328(43.73%) | 32(35.55%) | 200(45.56%) | 25(25.77%) | 81(39.32%) | 36(36.73%) | ||||
| Smoking | 49(6.53%) | 9(10.00%) | 0.202 | 34(7.74%) | 17(17.53%) | 0.016 | 15(7.28%) | 9(9.18%) | 0.732 | |
| Macrovascular complications | 114(15.20) | 30(33.33) | <0.001 | 84(19.13) | 35(36.08) | <0.001 | 54(26.21) | 56(57.14) | <0.001 | |
| Microvascular complications | 345(46.00) | 54(60.00) | 0.003 | 439(100.00) | 96(98.97) | 0.033 | 205(99.51) | 98(100.00) | 0.490 | |
| Hypertension | 392(52.27%) | 65(72.22%) | <0.001 | 228(51.94%) | 59(60.82%) | 0.112 | 118(57.28%) | 69(70.41%) | 0.028 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 287(38.27%) | 32(35.56%) | 0.608 | 174(39.64%) | 28(28.87%) | 0.041 | 69(33.50%) | 26(26.53%) | 0.203 | |
| Mean FBS (mmol/L) | 10.69(±4.56) | 11.10(±3.77) | 0.612 | 11.36(±5.03) | 12.91(±5.51) | 0.126 | 11.08(±4.92) | 11.02(±5.97) | 0.956 | |
| Mean RBS (mmol/L) | 13.61(±5.58) | 14.88(±5.78) | 0.350 | 13.79(±5.69) | 15.22(±5.14) | 0.231 | 13.12(±5.46) | 15.68(±6.46) | 0.068 | |
| Mean HbA1c | 9.20(±2.20) | 9.13(±1.31) | 0.923 | 9.63(±2.05) | 9.67(±1.11) | 0.940 | 9.37(±2.32) | 11.54(±3.24) | 0.024 | |
| HbA1c | <8 mmol/L | 239(31.87%) | 22(24.44%) | 0.151 | 94(21.41%) | 9(9.28%) | 0.460 | 77(37.38%) | 20(20.41%) | 0.306 |
| ≥8 mmol/L | 511(68.13%) | 68(75.56%) | 345(78.59%) | 88(90.72%) | 129(62.62%) | 78(79.59%) | ||||
*P value between deceased and alive.