Table 3. All-cause and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for diabetic patients without foot complications, diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), and lower extremity amputation (LEA).
| Variables | Observed number of deaths | Person years | Mortality /1000/ person years | Expected Number of deaths | SMR (95% CI) | Mortality rate ratios (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetic patients without foot complications | |||||||
| All | 90 | 3,780 | 23.81 | 35.36 | 2.53(2.03–3.03) | - | |
| gender | Men | 66 | 2,444 | 27.00 | 29.54 | 2.23(1.64–2.02) | 1.08(0.67–1.75)† |
| Women | 24 | 1,336 | 17.96 | 8.62 | 2.78(1.90–3.66) | 1 | |
| Duration of diabetes | ≤15 years | 9 | 584 | 15.41 | 5.1 | 1.76(0.69–2.83) | 1 |
| >15 years | 81 | 3,196 | 25.34 | 30.45 | 2.66(2.10–3.22) | 2.94(1.44–5.98) * | |
| Age | < 65 years | 24 | 1,725 | 13.91 | 2.99 | 8.01(6.73–9.29) | - |
| ≥ 65 years | 66 | 2,055 | 32.12 | 32.56 | 2.03(1.42–2.64) | - | |
| Type of diabetes | Type 1 | 2 | 234 | 8.55 | 0.18 | 11.07(7.05–15.09) | 1.39(0.32–6.12)† |
| Type2 | 88 | 3,546 | 24.82 | 35.38 | 2.49(1.98–3.00) | 1 | |
| Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) | |||||||
| All | 97 | 2,280 | 42.54 | 22.07 | 4.39(3.55–5.23) | - | |
| gender | Men | 74 | 1,418 | 52.19 | 18.09 | 4.09(3.06–5.12) | 1.68(1.05–2.71)† |
| Women | 23 | 862 | 26.68 | 5.54 | 4.15(2.82–5.48) | 1 | |
| Duration of diabetes | ≤15 years | 7 | 334 | 20.96 | 3.44 | 2.04(0.52–3.56) | 1 |
| >15 years | 90 | 1,946 | 46.25 | 18.64 | 4.83(3.88–5.78) | 3.84(1.72–8.56)* | |
| Age | < 65 years | 40 | 1,143 | 35.00 | 2.33 | 17.13(14.95–19.31) | - |
| ≥ 65 years | 57 | 1,137 | 50.13 | 19.74 | 2.89(1.92–3.86) | - | |
| Type of diabetes | Type 1 | 7 | 148 | 47.30 | 0.18 | 37.91(30.09–45.73) | 2.72(1.12–6.57)† |
| Type2 | 90 | 2,132 | 42.21 | 21.89 | 4.11(3.27–4.95) | 1 | |
| Lowe Extrimities Amputation (LEA) | |||||||
| All | 98 | 1,129 | 86.80 | 13.59 | 7.21(5.7–8.72) | - | |
| gender | Men | 76 | 736 | 103.26 | 12.05 | 6.31(4.55–8.07) | 1.43(0.88–2.32)† |
| Women | 22 | 393 | 55.98 | 2.65 | 8.29(5.56–11.02) | 1 | |
| Duration of diabetes | ≤15 years | 13 | 130 | 100.00 | 1.38 | 9.43(4.41–14.45) | 1 |
| >15 years | 85 | 999 | 85.09 | 12.22 | 6.96(5.38–8.54) | 1.26(0.68–2.33)* | |
| Age | < 65 years | 40 | 487 | 82.14 | 1.09 | 36.59(32.31–40.87) | - |
| ≥ 65 years | 58 | 642 | 90.34 | 12.01 | 4.83(3.17–6.49) | - | |
| Type of diabetes | Type 1 | 3 | 41 | 73.17 | 0.29 | 10.36(1.03–19.69) | 1.04(0.32–3.33)† |
| Type2 | 95 | 1,088 | 87.32 | 13.3 | 7.14(5.61–8.67) | 1 | |
† Adjusted for age at diagnosis and diabetes duration,
* Adjusted for age at diagnosis