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. 2017 Nov 23;8:946. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00946

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Copyright © 2017 Ni, Whittaker, Wang, Giles, Narayan and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Simulated changes in the APD and peak I_Na following the applications of Na⁺- and K⁺- block in comparison to the drug-free condition in cAF-remodeled atrial myocytes or ventricular cells. (A,B) Changes in (i) APD and (ii) peak I_Na measured from a cAF-remodeled atrial myocyte paced at (A) 1 Hz and (B) 6 Hz. In the presence of alternans, the changes in APD were quantified by comparing the corresponding longer APs. The fractional reductions in peak I_Na were calculated from the I_Na of the corresponding shorter APs. (C) Changes in (i) APD and (ii) peak I_Na measured from an in silico ventricular myocyte paced at 1 Hz.