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. 2017 Nov 27;7:16354. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16562-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sequence of images taken from movie S2A (see also movies S2 B and S2C) showing an example of the locked hook during a reversal of the filament (reorientation of 180°). Above each image, we show the step label corresponding to the schematic drawing in Fig. 5, the time stamp of each movie frame, and the direction of rotation of the filament. The white arrows indicate the direction of the displacement of the bacterium (the mean speed of single flagellated bacteria was 1.7 ± 0.9 μm/s). There is no arrow in A2 and A3 because the cell body is at rest. The red dot identifies the base of the filament. The white scale bar at the bottom left of the first image measures 5 μm. The bottom arrow labeled n indicates the orientation of the anisotropy axis of the LC (identical in all frames).