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. 2017 Nov 27;7:16354. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16562-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of two possible rotation modes of the hook. The left figure shows the traditional rolling rotation, as a universal joint to transfer the rotation of the motor (which would be at the bottom on the schematic) to the filament (on the left). In this mode, the distance between each protein that composes the hook is modulated periodically to enable a rotation around a stable structure (here a bend to the left)^3,4. The right figure shows the “locked-hook” rotation, where the entire hook rotates around the axis of the driving motor as a rigid structure. In both figures, the proteins along the blue strip must distribute along the red strip after half a turn.