Figure 1.

Effects of voluntary exercise and TMAO supplementation on body weight, food intake, and metabolic disorders in mice fed a western diet (WD). Compared with normal diet (ND)-sedentary mice, WD-sedentary mice gained significantly more body weight (A) had increased daily caloric intake (B) and developed dyslipidemia (C,D) after 8 weeks of feeding. Voluntary exercise did not alter daily caloric intake, but partially attenuated weight gain and dyslipidemia. TMAO administration had no effects on these measured parameters in mice fed a WD. There were no differences in plasma glucose levels among the four groups (E). Sedentary: SED; voluntary exercise: EXE. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 10 for each group). ^*P < 0.05 vs. ND-SED; ^†P < 0.05 vs. WD-SED.