Figure 3.

Effects of voluntary exercise and TMAO supplementation on plasma TMAO levels in mice fed a western diet (WD). (A) Eight weeks after WD feeding, WD-sedentary mice exhibited elevated plasma TMAO levels as compared to normal diet (ND)-sedentary mice. Elevated plasma TMAO levels were inhibited by voluntary exercise but reversed by concomitant administration of TMAO in mice fed a WD. (B,C) Plasma TMAO levels were significantly correlated with cardiac parameter LVEF or MPI. Sedentary: SED; voluntary exercise: EXE. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 10 for each group). ^*P < 0.05 vs. ND-SED; ^†P < 0.05, WD-EXE vs. WD-SED; ^§P < 0.05, WD-EXE-TMAO vs WD-EXE.