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. 2017 Nov 27;7:16364. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16571-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cell viability and inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 in BV2 cells. (a–d) Cell viability of BV2 cells. The determination of cell viability of BV2 cells is carried out by CCK-8 assay after treated with control or (a) Echinacoside (E), (b) Verbascoside (V), (c) Isoacteoside (I), or (d) 2′-acetylacteoside (2A) (37.5, 75, 150, or 300 μM) for 24 h. No significant differences are found among groups. (e–g) BV2 cells are pretreated with (e) I or 2A (150 or 300 μM), (f) E or V (150 or 300 μM), and (g) E or 2A (75, 150 or 300 μM) or the combinations for 2 h, vehical as the control. Then exposure to LPS (1 μg/ml) for 18 h, then iNOS and COX-2 accumulation of cytoplasm are measured by western blot. β-actin is used as loading control. All results are repeated at least three independent experiments with the same tendency.