Table 1.
Matrix with several aspects of the evaluated electronic health records software. Some features were evaluated according to a ranking that varies between 1 (low) and 3 (high).
| Feature or system | GNU Health | OpenEMR | FreeMED | OpenMRS | Bahmni | |
|
1 |
Integrated applications |
EHRa, HISb | EHR, PMSc, ERPd |
EHR, PMS |
EHR |
EHR, PMS, ERP, LISe, PACSf |
| 2 | Configurable reports | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| 3 | Custom reports | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| 4 | Custom forms | - | 1 | - | 3 | 3 |
|
5 |
Interoperability |
FHIRg, custom | HL7h | HL7, DICOMi |
HL7, DICOM, FHIR |
HL7, DICOM, FHIR |
| 6 | Coding systems | ICD-10j |
ICD-9/10, SNOMEDk, CPTl, HCPCSm |
ICD-10, CPT, LOINCn, ATCo | CIEL/MVPp, LOINC ICD-10 |
CIEL/MVP, ICD-10, SNOMED |
|
7 |
Authentication methods |
LDAPq | LDAP, ADr | - | - | - |
| 8 | Patient portal | No | Yes | No | No | No |
|
9 |
Access control model |
RBACs | ACLt |
ACL |
RBAC |
RBAC |
| 10 | Cryptographic features | Sign, encrypt | Encrypt | - | - | - |
| 11 | Flexible data model | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| 12 | Offline support | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
| 13 | Web client | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 14 | Native client | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| 15 | Other clients | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
| 16 | Code-based language | Python | PHP | PHP | Java | Java |
| 17 | Development activity | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| 18 | Software modularity | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| 19 | User interface | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| 20 | Community support | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| 21 | Customization | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
aEHR: electronic health record.
bHIS: health information system.
cPMS: practice management software.
dERP: enterprise resource planning.
eLIS: laboratory information system.
fPACS: picture archiving and communication system.
gFHIR: Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources.
hHL7: Health Level-7.
iDICOM: Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine.
jICD: International Classification of Diseases.
kSNOMED: Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine.
lCPT: Current Procedural Terminology.
mHCPCS: Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System.
nLOINC: Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes.
oATC: Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical.
pCIEL/MVP: Columbia International eHealth Laboratory/Millennium Villages Project concept dictionary.
qLDAP: lightweight directory access protocol.
rAD: Active Directory.
sRBAC: role-based access control.
tACL: Access Control List.