Table 1.
Studies on digital platforms used in the assessment, monitoring and management of BPD.
| Study | Design | Sample Size | Sample Characteristics | Main Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MONARCA [11] | Prospective observational study | 17 | 67.1% (n = 45) females 18–60 years (Median age 29.83 years) |
Subjective and objective measures in MONARCA correlate well with the HDRS-17 used by clinicians in monitoring BPD |
| SIMBA [12] | Prospective observational study | 13 | 61.5% (n = 8) females Mean age 47.2 years |
High self-reported mood correlates negatively with depressive symptoms Distance travelled correlates negatively with mania No. of calls made correlates positively with manic symptoms No. of text messages sent correlates negatively with depressive symptoms |
| Mobile Mood Diary [13] | Observational study | 9 | 55% (n = 11) females Mean age 13.6 years |
Improved adherence to medications |
| SIMPLe [14] | RCT | Ongoing | 18–65 years (Mean age) | Ongoing |
| Moodswings.net.au [15] | RCT | 156 | 73% (n = 97) females Median age 39.87 years |
Reduction in mood symptoms, improved functioning and improved QoL and medication adherence in intervention group |
| ORBIT [16] | RCT | 26 | 75% females Median age 46.6 years |
Statistically significant improvement in QoL in intervention group t(15) = 2.88, 95% CI: 0.89–5.98, p = 0.011 |
| ERPOnline [17] | RCT | 96 | 61.4% females Median age 43 years |
ERPonline increased the frequency of monitoring early signs of mood change. Improved medication adherence at 12 and 48 weeks. |
| Living with Bipolar [18] | RCT | 122 | 72% (n = 88) females 18–65 years (Mean age 43 years) |
Improvement in psychological and physical domains of QoL, well-being in the intervention group compared to control |
| Beating Bipolar [19] | RCT | 50 | 38% (n = 19) males Mean age 43 years |
Improvement within the psychological subsection of the WHOQOL-BREF for the intervention group relative to the control group |
| BIPED [20] | RCT | 100 | Ongoing | Ongoing |
| FiSTAR [21] | RCT | 25 | Ongoing | Ongoing |
| FIMM [22] | RCT | 19 | 68.4% (n = 13) females Mean age 37.2 years |
Patients reported stable moods on the QIDS and ASRM over a 120-day period, and on average responded to 81% of the daily message prompts and 88% of the weekly QIDS and ASRM prompts. |
MONARCA, MONitoring, treAtment and pRediCtion of bipolAr Disorder Episodes; ERP, Enhanced Relapse Prevention for Bipolar disorder; RCT, randomised controlled trial; WHOQOL-BREF, Brief World Health Organization Quality of Life; BIPED, The Bipolar Interactive Psychoeducation; FI-STAR, The Future Internet Social and Technological Alignment Research; FIMM, Facilitated Integrated Mood Management.